libname library 'l:\washingtondc\steveh\lisa\' ;



proc format library = library ;

   value STATE /* State */

      1 = 'Alabama - S'  

      2 = 'Alaska - W'  

      4 = 'Arizona - W'  

      5 = 'Arkansas - S'  

      6 = 'California - W'  

      8 = 'Colorado - W'  

      9 = 'Connecticut - NE'  

      10 = 'Delaware - S'  

      11 = 'Washington D.C. - S'  

      12 = 'Florida - S'  

      13 = 'Georgia - S'  

      15 = 'Hawaii - W'  

      16 = 'Idaho - W'  

      17 = 'Illinois - MW'  

      18 = 'Indiana - MW'  

      19 = 'Iowa - MW'  

      20 = 'Kansas - MW'  

      21 = 'Kentucky - S'  

      22 = 'Louisiana - S'  

      23 = 'Maine - NE'  

      24 = 'Maryland - S'  

      25 = 'Massachusetts - NE'  

      26 = 'Michigan - MW'  

      27 = 'Minnesota - MW'  

      28 = 'Mississippi - S'  

      29 = 'Missouri - NC'  

      30 = 'Montana - W'  

      31 = 'Nebraska - MW'  

      32 = 'Nevada - W'  

      33 = 'New Hampshire - NE'  

      34 = 'New Jersey - NE'  

      35 = 'New Mexico - W'  

      36 = 'New York - NE'  

      37 = 'North Carolina - S'  

      38 = 'North Dakota - MW'  

      39 = 'Ohio - MW'  

      40 = 'Oklahoma - S'  

      41 = 'Oregon - W'  

      42 = 'Pennsylvania - NE'  

      44 = 'Rhode Island - NE'  

      45 = 'South Carolina - S'  

      46 = 'South Dakota - MW'  

      47 = 'Tennessee - S'  

      48 = 'Texas - SC'  

      49 = 'Utah - W'  

      50 = 'Vermont - NE'  

      51 = 'Virginia - S'  

      53 = 'Washington - W'  

      54 = 'West Virginia - S'  

      55 = 'Wisconsin - MW'  

      56 = 'Wyoming - W' ;

   value QNSA1F /* Sa1. SAMPLE SOURCE: */

      1 = 'RDD'  

      2 = 'CELL' ;

   value REGION /* Region */

      1 = 'NE'  

      2 = 'MW'  

      3 = 'S'  

      4 = 'W' ;

   value QNS1F /* S1. Including yourself, how many members of this household are age 16 or older? */

      0 = 'None'  

      6 = '6 or more'  

      97 = 'Not available'  

      98 = 'Don''t know'  

      99 = 'Refued' ;

   value QNS3A /* S3a. GENDER: */

      1 = 'Male'  

      2 = 'Female' ;

   value QN1F /*  1. How often do you usually drive a car or other motor vehicle? */

      1 = 'Every day'  

      2 = 'Several days a week'  

      3 = 'Once a week or less'  

      4 = 'Only certain times a year'  

      5 = 'Never'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN15F /* 15. During the last twelve months, how often did you usually drink any alcoholic beverages, including beer, light beer, wine, wine coolers, liquor, or flavored malt beverages?. */

      1 = 'Every day'  

      2 = 'Nearly every day'  

      3 = 'Three or four days a week'  

      4 = 'One or two days a week'  

      5 = 'Two or three days a month'  

      6 = 'Once a month or less'  

      7 = 'You never drank alcoholic beverages in last twelve month'  

      8 = 'Don''t know'  

      9 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN17F /* 17. When you drink alcoholic beverages, which ONE of the following beverages do you drink MOST OFTEN? */

      1 = 'OR, something else'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      6 = 'Beer'  

      7 = 'Light beer'  

      8 = 'Wine'  

      9 = 'Wine coolers'  

      10 = 'Hard liquor or mixed drinks'  

      11 = 'Flavored malt drinks' ;

   value QN18F /* 18. When you drink ANSWERFROM(QN17R1), about how many ANSWERFROM(QN17R2) do you usually drink per sitting? */

      96 = '96+'  

      97 = 'Less than one'  

      98 = 'Don''t know'  

      99 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN19A /* 19a. About how old were you when you first starting drinking alcohol, not counting small tastes or sips of alcohol. */

      96 = '96 years or older'  

      97 = 'Never drink/drank'  

      98 = 'Don''t know'  

      99 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN20F /* 20. On how many of the thirty days in this typical month did you have one or more alcoholic beverages to drink? */

      0 = 'None'  

      30 = 'Every day'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN23F /* 23. On how many of the ANSWERFROM(QN20) days did you have five or more drinks? */

      0 = 'None'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN26F /* 26. During the last 12 months, has there been a time when you felt you should cut down on your drinking? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN27F /* 27. During the last 12 months, has there been a time when people criticized your drinking? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN28F /* 28. During the last 12 months, has there been a time when you felt bad or guilty about your drinking? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN29F /* 29. During the last 12 months, has there been a time when you had a drink first thing in the morning? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN31F /* 31. In your opinion, how many ANSWERFROM(QN17R2) could YOU drink in two hours before it would be unsafe for you to drive? */

      0 = 'Less than one drink'  

      96 = 'No limit'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN33F /* 33. In the past twelve months, have you ever driven a motor vehicle WITHIN TWO HOURS AFTER drinking any alcoholic beverages? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN35F /* 35. In the past thirty days, how many times have you driven a motor vehicle WITHIN TWO HOURS AFTER drinking alcoholic beverages? */

      0 = 'None/Never'  

      99 = '99+'  

      998 = 'DK'  

      999 = 'RF' ;

   value QN36F /* 36. Approximately, how many months ago was the most recent time you drove a motor vehicle WITHIN TWO HOURS AFTER drinking alcoholic beverages? */

      0 = 'Never'  

      13 = 'More than 12 months ago'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN37F /* 37. Please think about the most recent occasion that you drove within two hours of drinking alcoholic beverages. Where did you drink on that occasion? */

      1 = 'Other (list)'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      6 = 'Your home'  

      7 = 'Friend''s home'  

      9 = 'Bar/Tavern/Club'  

      10 = 'Restaurant'  

      11 = 'Work'  

      12 = 'Bowling alley'  

      13 = 'Hotel/Motel'  

      14 = 'Country Club/Golf course'  

      15 = 'Drank in the car/On the road'  

      16 = 'Sporting event'  

      17 = 'Movie theater'  

      19 = 'Shopping/Store/Grocery store'  

      20 = 'Wedding'  

      21 = 'Party at someone else''s home'  

      22 = 'Park/picnic'  

      23 = 'Party at your house' ;

   value QN38F /* 38. How many drinks did you have on that occasion? */

      0 = 'Less than one'  

      99 = '99+'  

      998 = 'DK'  

      999 = 'RF' ;

   value QN39H /* 39. And, over what length of time did you have those drinks? (response in hours) */

      0 = 'Time not given in hours'  

      24 = '24+'  

      999 = '999+' ;

   value QN39M /* 39. And, over what length of time did you have those drinks? (response in minutes) */

      0 = 'Time not given in minutes'  

      24 = '24+' ;

   value QN41F /* 41. And, how long after your last drink did you start driving? */

      0 = 'Less than one minute/drove while drinking'  

      120 = '120 minutes (two hours)'  

      998 = 'DK'  

      999 = 'RF' ;

   value QN43A /* 43a. Were you wearing a seat belt on this occasion? */

      1 = 'Yes, wearing a seatbelt'  

      2 = 'No, not wearing a seatbelt'  

      3 = 'Don''t recall'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN44F /* 44. How many people, other than yourself, were in the vehicle with you? */

      0 = 'None'  

      11 = '11 or more'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN44A /* 44a. How many of these ANSWERFROM(QN44) passengers were under age 15? */

      0 = 'None'  

      11 = '11 or more'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN49F /* 49. On this most recent occasion, do you think you were (read 1-4)? */

      1 = 'Well below the legal limit for drinking and driving'  

      2 = 'Just below the legal limit'  

      3 = 'Just over the legal limit'  

      4 = 'Well over the legal limit'  

      5 = 'Don''t know'  

      6 = 'Refused'  

      7 = 'Just at the limit' ;

   value QN52F /* 52. About how many times in the PAST TWELVE MONTHS did you drive when you thought you were OVER THE LEGAL LIMIT FOR ALCOHOL AND DRIVING? */

      0 = 'None/Never'  

      365 = 'Every Day'  

      998 = 'DK'  

      999 = 'RF' ;

   value QN54F /* 54. In the past twelve months, have you ever deliberately avoided driving a motor vehicle because you felt you probably had too much to drink to drive safely? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN56F /* 56. On the most recent time that you deliberately avoided driving after drinking, how did you do it; that is, what did you do instead? */

      1 = 'Other'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      4 = 'Was already at home/Stayed at home'  

      6 = 'Called a cab or ride'  

      7 = 'Rode the bus or subway'  

      8 = 'Used a designated driver'  

      9 = 'Stayed overnight as a guest'  

      10 = 'Waited until after the effects of the alcohol wore off'  

      11 = 'Walked to your destination'  

      12 = 'Rode with another driver at the drinking location' ;

   value QN57F /* 57. In the past twelve months, did you ever RIDE in a motor vehicle with a driver you thought might have consumed TOO MUCH alcohol to drive SAFELY? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN61F /* 61. In the past year, have you ridden anywhere with someone else who had agreed to be the designated driver? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN64B /* 64b. Have you been a designated driver for other passengers in the past year? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN65F /* 65. On the most RECENT OCCASION that you were the designated driver, how many drinks, if any, did you have in the two hours prior to driving with passengers? */

      0 = 'None/Less than one'  

      97 = '97 or more'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN65A /* 65a. Did the decision to have a designated driver for this occasion take place before or after ANSWERFROM(REC65) began drinking? */

      1 = 'Before drinking began'  

      2 = 'After drinking began (while drinking)'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN66F /* 66. What is the maximum number of alcoholic drinks a person CAN have if he or she is the designated driver? */

      0 = 'None/Less than one'  

      97 = '97 or more'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN86F /* 86. In the past year, have you hosted a social event or party where alcohol was served to adults? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN87F /* 87. At the most recent social event (party) you hosted at which you served alcoholic beverages, how concerned were you about having guests from your party drive after drinking too much to drive safely? */

      1 = 'Very concerned'  

      2 = 'Somewhat concerned'  

      3 = 'Neither concerned nor unconcerned'  

      4 = 'Not very concerned'  

      5 = 'Not at all concerned'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN88_1F /* 88. At this event, what, if anything, did you do to keep guests from driving after drinking too much to drive safely? */

      1 = 'Other'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      4 = 'Nothing'  

      6 = 'Have someone else drive them home'  

      7 = 'Have a taxi or ride service drive them home'  

      8 = 'Drive them home'  

      11 = 'Serve food'  

      12 = 'Serve non-alcoholic drinks'  

      13 = 'Serve less alcohol/Limit drink'  

      14 = 'Designate drivers'  

      15 = 'Collect keys/Take the keys'  

      16 = 'Provide sleeping accommodations/Spend the night'  

      18 = 'Limit serving hours'  

      19 = 'Make sure they are OK/Not impaired'  

      20 = 'Monitor them'  

      21 = 'The situation doesn''t come up'  

      22 = 'Talked to them/warned them'  

      24 = 'Didn''t invite people who drank a lot'  

      25 = 'They weren''t driving/walked home'  

      26 = 'Served coffee'  

      27 = 'Had them wait before leaving'  

      28 = 'Don''t serve alcohol'  

      29 = 'Disabled Vehicle'  

      30 = 'Called the police/had police take care of it' ;

   value QN88_2F /* 88. At this event, what, if anything, did you do to keep guests from driving after drinking too much to drive safely? */

      1 = 'Other'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      4 = 'Nothing'  

      6 = 'Have someone else drive them home'  

      7 = 'Have a taxi or ride service drive them home'  

      8 = 'Drive them home'  

      11 = 'Serve food'  

      12 = 'Serve non-alcoholic drinks'  

      13 = 'Serve less alcohol/Limit drink'  

      14 = 'Designate drivers'  

      15 = 'Collect keys/Take the keys'  

      16 = 'Provide sleeping accommodations/Spend the night'  

      18 = 'Limit serving hours'  

      19 = 'Make sure they are OK/Not impaired'  

      20 = 'Monitor them'  

      21 = 'The situation doesn''t come up'  

      22 = 'Talked to them/warned them'  

      24 = 'Didn''t invite people who drank a lot'  

      25 = 'They weren''t driving/walked home'  

      26 = 'Served coffee'  

      27 = 'Had them wait before leaving'  

      28 = 'Don''t serve alcohol'  

      29 = 'Disabled Vehicle'  

      30 = 'Called the police/had police take care of it' ;

   value QN88_3F /* 88. At this event, what, if anything, did you do to keep guests from driving after drinking too much to drive safely? */

      1 = 'Other'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      4 = 'Nothing'  

      6 = 'Have someone else drive them home'  

      7 = 'Have a taxi or ride service drive them home'  

      8 = 'Drive them home'  

      11 = 'Serve food'  

      12 = 'Serve non-alcoholic drinks'  

      13 = 'Serve less alcohol/Limit drink'  

      14 = 'Designate drivers'  

      15 = 'Collect keys/Take the keys'  

      16 = 'Provide sleeping accommodations/Spend the night'  

      18 = 'Limit serving hours'  

      19 = 'Make sure they are OK/Not impaired'  

      20 = 'Monitor them'  

      21 = 'The situation doesn''t come up'  

      22 = 'Talked to them/warned them'  

      24 = 'Didn''t invite people who drank a lot'  

      25 = 'They weren''t driving/walked home'  

      26 = 'Served coffee'  

      27 = 'Had them wait before leaving'  

      28 = 'Don''t serve alcohol'  

      29 = 'Disabled Vehicle'  

      30 = 'Called the police/had police take care of it' ;

   value QN89F /* 89. In the past year, have you hosted a social event or party for youth under the age of 21? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN90F /* 90. During the most recent youth event you hosted, was there monitoring to prevent guests under age 21 from drinking alcohol? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN90A /* 90a. At this event, did any of the youth under age 21 drink alcohol? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN91_1F /* 91. At this event, what, if anything, did you do to keep youths under age 21 from driving after drinking too much to drive safely? */

      1 = 'Other'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      4 = 'Nothing'  

      6 = 'Have someone else drive them home'  

      7 = 'Have a taxi or ride service drive them home'  

      8 = 'Drive them home'  

      11 = 'Serve food'  

      12 = 'Serve non-alcoholic drinks'  

      13 = 'Serve less alcohol/Limit drink'  

      14 = 'Designate drivers'  

      15 = 'Collect keys/Take the keys'  

      16 = 'Provide sleeping accommodations/Spend the night'  

      18 = 'Limit serving hours'  

      19 = 'Make sure they are OK/Not impaired'  

      20 = 'Monitor them'  

      21 = 'The situation doesn''t come up'  

      22 = 'Talked to them/warned them'  

      24 = 'Didn''t invite people who drank a lot'  

      25 = 'They weren''t driving/walked home'  

      26 = 'Served coffee'  

      27 = 'Had them wait before leaving'  

      28 = 'Don''t serve alcohol'  

      29 = 'Disabled Vehicle'  

      30 = 'Called the police/had police take care of it' ;

   value QN91_2F /* 91. At this event, what, if anything, did you do to keep youths under age 21 from driving after drinking too much to drive safely? */

      1 = 'Other'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      4 = 'Nothing'  

      6 = 'Have someone else drive them home'  

      7 = 'Have a taxi or ride service drive them home'  

      8 = 'Drive them home'  

      11 = 'Serve food'  

      12 = 'Serve non-alcoholic drinks'  

      13 = 'Serve less alcohol/Limit drink'  

      14 = 'Designate drivers'  

      15 = 'Collect keys/Take the keys'  

      16 = 'Provide sleeping accommodations/Spend the night'  

      18 = 'Limit serving hours'  

      19 = 'Make sure they are OK/Not impaired'  

      20 = 'Monitor them'  

      21 = 'The situation doesn''t come up'  

      22 = 'Talked to them/warned them'  

      24 = 'Didn''t invite people who drank a lot'  

      25 = 'They weren''t driving/walked home'  

      26 = 'Served coffee'  

      27 = 'Had them wait before leaving'  

      28 = 'Don''t serve alcohol'  

      29 = 'Disabled Vehicle'  

      30 = 'Called the police/had police take care of it' ;

   value QN91_3F /* 91. At this event, what, if anything, did you do to keep youths under age 21 from driving after drinking too much to drive safely? */

      1 = 'Other'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      4 = 'Nothing'  

      6 = 'Have someone else drive them home'  

      7 = 'Have a taxi or ride service drive them home'  

      8 = 'Drive them home'  

      11 = 'Serve food'  

      12 = 'Serve non-alcoholic drinks'  

      13 = 'Serve less alcohol/Limit drink'  

      14 = 'Designate drivers'  

      15 = 'Collect keys/Take the keys'  

      16 = 'Provide sleeping accommodations/Spend the night'  

      18 = 'Limit serving hours'  

      19 = 'Make sure they are OK/Not impaired'  

      20 = 'Monitor them'  

      21 = 'The situation doesn''t come up'  

      22 = 'Talked to them/warned them'  

      24 = 'Didn''t invite people who drank a lot'  

      25 = 'They weren''t driving/walked home'  

      26 = 'Served coffee'  

      27 = 'Had them wait before leaving'  

      28 = 'Don''t serve alcohol'  

      29 = 'Disabled Vehicle'  

      30 = 'Called the police/had police take care of it' ;

   value QN96A /* 96a. Have you ever been in this type of situation? [If necessary, read:) A situation when you were with a friend, family member, or acquaintance who had too much to drink to drive safely, yet was planning to drive. */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN100F /* 100. Think of the MOST RECENT TIME you were in this situation.  Did you do something to try to stop them from driving? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN101F /* 101. What did you do to try to stop them from driving? */

      1 = 'Other'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      4 = 'Nothing'  

      6 = 'Have someone else drive them home'  

      7 = 'Have a taxi or ride service drive them home'  

      8 = 'Drive them home'  

      11 = 'Serve food'  

      12 = 'Serve non-alcoholic drinks'  

      13 = 'Serve less alcohol/Limit drink'  

      14 = 'Designate drivers'  

      15 = 'Collect keys/Take the keys'  

      16 = 'Provide sleeping accommodations/Spend the night'  

      18 = 'Limit serving hours'  

      19 = 'Make sure they are OK/Not impaired'  

      20 = 'Monitor them'  

      21 = 'The situation doesn''t come up'  

      22 = 'Talked to them/warned them'  

      24 = 'Didn''t invite people who drank a lot'  

      25 = 'They weren''t driving/walked home'  

      26 = 'Served coffee'  

      27 = 'Had them wait before leaving'  

      28 = 'Don''t serve alcohol'  

      29 = 'Disabled Vehicle'  

      30 = 'Called the police/had police take care of it' ;

   value QN102F /* 102. Did they drive anyhow? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN102B /* 102b. In the last year, were you ever in a situation where you were encouraged to drink more than you had planned to drink? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN102C /* 102c. How about a situation where you felt you had to drink because everyone else was? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN103F /* 103. In your opinion, how much is drinking and driving by other people a threat to the personal safety of you and your family? */

      1 = 'A major threat'  

      2 = 'A minor threat'  

      3 = 'Not a threat'  

      4 = 'Don''t know'  

      5 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN105BA /* 105b. How likely is it that drivers who have had too much to drink to drive safely will A. Get stopped by the police? */

      1 = 'Almost certain'  

      2 = 'Very likely'  

      3 = 'Somewhat likely'  

      4 = 'Somewhat unlikely'  

      5 = 'Very unlikely'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN105BB /* 105b. How likely is it that drivers who have had too much to drink to drive safely will B. Have an accident? */

      1 = 'Almost certain'  

      2 = 'Very likely'  

      3 = 'Somewhat likely'  

      4 = 'Somewhat unlikely'  

      5 = 'Very unlikely'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN105BC /* 105b. How likely is it that drivers who have had too much to drink to drive safely will C. Be convicted for drunk driving? */

      1 = 'Almost certain'  

      2 = 'Very likely'  

      3 = 'Somewhat likely'  

      4 = 'Somewhat unlikely'  

      5 = 'Very unlikely'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN105BD /* 105b. How likely is it that drivers who have had too much to drink to drive safely will D. Be arrested for drunk driving? */

      1 = 'Almost certain'  

      2 = 'Very likely'  

      3 = 'Somewhat likely'  

      4 = 'Somewhat unlikely'  

      5 = 'Very unlikely'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN113F /* 113. Have you been arrested for a drinking and driving violation anytime in the past two years? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN114F /* 114. How many times in the past two years? */

      0 = 'None'  

      10 = '10 or more times'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN116F /* 116. In your opinion, should the penalties for violating drinking and driving laws be (read 1-6)? */

      1 = 'Much more severe'  

      2 = 'Somewhat more severe'  

      3 = 'Somewhat less severe'  

      4 = 'Much less severe'  

      5 = 'Stay the same as they are now'  

      6 = 'No penalties should be given'  

      7 = 'Don''t know'  

      8 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN120F /* 120. In the past twelve months, have you seen a sobriety checkpoint, where drivers are stopped briefly by police to check for alcohol-impaired driving? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN121F /* 121.How many times have you been through a sobriety checkpoint in the last twelve months? */

      0 = 'None'  

      365 = 'Every Day'  

      998 = 'DK'  

      999 = 'RF' ;

   value QN122C /* 122c. About how often do you think sobriety checkpoints should be conducted? Would you say (read 1-5)? */

      1 = 'Weekly'  

      2 = 'Monthly'  

      3 = 'Quarterly (4 times a year)'  

      4 = 'Once or twice a year'  

      5 = 'Not at all'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN123F /* 123. Have you ever heard of blood alcohol concentration or BAC levels before today? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN126F /* 126. The legal limit in your state is point-zero-eight (.08) In your opinion, how many 12 ounce beers would a ANSWERFROM(QN125A) about your height and weight have to drink in a two-hour period to just reach the legal limit of point-zero-eight? */

      0 = 'None/Less than one'  

      30 = '30 or more'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN131A /* 131a. In the past two years, have you been involved in a motor vehicle crash in which there was damage to your vehicle or another vehicle? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN132A /* 132a. In the most recent occurrence, was there a driver involved who had been drinking alcohol? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN133F /* 133. Was anyone injured in this crash? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139A /* 139. Please tell me how effective you think each of the following strategies would be at reducing or preventing drunk driving.A. Increasing police and other law enforcement efforts to arrest drunken drivers */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139E /* 139. Please tell me how effective you think each of the following strategies would be at reducing or preventing drunk driving.E. Providing people who have had too much to drink an alternate way of getting home other than driving themselves, such as safe ri */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139G /* 139. Please tell me how effective you think each of the following strategies would be at reducing or preventing drunk driving.G. Making treatment for alcoholism and alcohol abuse problems more available */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139H /* 139. Please tell me how effective you think each of the following strategies would be at reducing or preventing drunk driving.H. Increasing the penalties for alcohol servers at licensed establishments who serve alcohol to drunk patrons */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139K /* 139. Please tell me how effective you think each of the following strategies would be at reducing or preventing drunk driving.K. Increasing the penalties for party hosts whose guests drive away drunk */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139L /* 139. Please tell me how effective you think each of the following strategies would be at reducing or preventing drunk driving.L. Suspending the license of drunk drivers */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139M /* 139. Please tell me how effective you think each of the following strategies would be at reducing or preventing drunk driving.M. Impounding or seizing the vehicle of drunk drivers */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139N /* 139. Please tell me how effective you think each of the following strategies would be at reducing or preventing drunk driving.N. Requiring a breath testing device in the vehicle that will not allow the vehicle to start if the driver has been drinking */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139_A /* 139a. To your knowledge is there a national minimum drinking age in the united states? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139_B /* 139b. What is the minimum drinking age in the United States? */

      0 = 'None/No minimum drinking age'  

      97 = '97+'  

      98 = 'DK'  

      99 = 'RF' ;

   value QN139CA /* 139c. Thinking about drinking and driving specifically for UNDERAGE OFFENDERS, how effective do you think each of the following measures is at reducing the number of drinking and driving violations by drivers under 21? A. Increasing police and other law en */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139CE /* 139c. Thinking about drinking and driving specifically for UNDERAGE OFFENDERS, how effective do you think each of the following measures is at reducing the number of drinking and driving violations by drivers under 21? E. Providing people who have had too */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139CF /* 139c. Thinking about drinking and driving specifically for UNDERAGE OFFENDERS, how effective do you think each of the following measures is at reducing the number of drinking and driving violations by drivers under 21? F. Limiting the amount of certain typ */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139CG /* 139c. Thinking about drinking and driving specifically for UNDERAGE OFFENDERS, how effective do you think each of the following measures is at reducing the number of drinking and driving violations by drivers under 21? G. Making treatment for alcoholism an */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139CH /* 139c.Thinking about drinking and driving specifically for UNDERAGE OFFENDERS, how effective do you think each of the following measures is at reducing the number of drinking and driving violations by drivers under 21? H. Increasing penalties for alcohol se */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139CK /* 139c. Thinking about drinking and driving specifically for UNDERAGE OFFENDERS, how effective do you think each of the following measures is at reducing the number of drinking and driving violations by drivers under 21? K. Increasing the penalties for party */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139CL /* 139c. Thinking about drinking and driving specifically for UNDERAGE OFFENDERS, how effective do you think each of the following measures is at reducing the number of drinking and driving violations by drivers under 21? L. Suspending the license of minors f */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN139CN /* 139c. Thinking about drinking and driving specifically for UNDERAGE OFFENDERS, how effective do you think each of the following measures is at reducing the number of drinking and driving violations by drivers under 21? N. Requiring a breath testing device */

      1 = 'Very effective'  

      2 = 'Somewhat effective'  

      3 = 'Neither effective nor ineffective'  

      4 = 'Not very effective, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all effective'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN140AA /* 140a. How reasonable do you think each of the following penalties are for FIRST TIME drinking and driving law violations? A. Suspending their license (so they cannot legally drive) A. Suspenderles la licencia (para que no puedan conducir legalmente) (INTER */

      1 = 'Very reasonable'  

      2 = 'Somewhat reasonable'  

      3 = 'Neither reasonable nor unreasonable'  

      4 = 'Not very reasonable, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all reasonable'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN140AB /* 140a. How reasonable do you think each of the following penalties are for FIRST TIME drinking and driving law violations? B. Giving them a minimum jail sentence B. Darles una pena minima de prision (INTERVIEWER NOTE: Please explain to respondent that the s */

      1 = 'Very reasonable'  

      2 = 'Somewhat reasonable'  

      3 = 'Neither reasonable nor unreasonable'  

      4 = 'Not very reasonable, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all reasonable'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN140AC /* 140a. How reasonable do you think each of the following penalties are for FIRST TIME drinking and driving law violations? C. Seizing their vehicle and impounding it C. Quitarles su vehiculo y confiscarlo (INTERVIEWER NOTE: Please explain to respondent that */

      1 = 'Very reasonable'  

      2 = 'Somewhat reasonable'  

      3 = 'Neither reasonable nor unreasonable'  

      4 = 'Not very reasonable, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all reasonable'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN140AD /* 140a. How reasonable do you think each of the following penalties are for FIRST TIME drinking and driving law violations? D. Equipping their vehicle with an alcohol breath test device that they have to blow into to show they have not been drinking, in orde */

      1 = 'Very reasonable'  

      2 = 'Somewhat reasonable'  

      3 = 'Neither reasonable nor unreasonable'  

      4 = 'Not very reasonable, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all reasonable'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN140AE /* 140a. How reasonable do you think each of the following penalties are for FIRST TIME drinking and driving law violations? E. Seizing the license plates from the vehicle so that it cannot be driven. E. Retirar las placas de matricula del automovil para que */

      1 = 'Very reasonable'  

      2 = 'Somewhat reasonable'  

      3 = 'Neither reasonable nor unreasonable'  

      4 = 'Not very reasonable, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all reasonable'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QN140AF /* 140a. How reasonable do you think each of the following penalties are for FIRST TIME drinking and driving law violations? F. Requiring enrollment in a treatment facility or program F. Exigir su inscripcion en una institucion o en un programa para recibir t */

      1 = 'Very reasonable'  

      2 = 'Somewhat reasonable'  

      3 = 'Neither reasonable nor unreasonable'  

      4 = 'Not very reasonable, OR'  

      5 = 'Not at all reasonable'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value QND1F /* D1. AGE: What is your age? */

      86 = '86 or older'  

      998 = 'DK'  

      999 = 'RF' ;

   value QND1B /* D1b. How many children, under 16 years of age, currently reside in your household? */

      0 = 'None'  

      4 = '4 or more'  

      8 = 'Don''t know'  

      9 = 'Refused' ;

   value QND2_1F /* D2. EMPLOYMENT STATUS: */

      1 = 'Something else (list)'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      6 = 'Employed full-time'  

      7 = 'Employed part-time'  

      8 = 'Unemployed and looking for work'  

      9 = 'Retired'  

      10 = 'Going to school'  

      11 = 'Homemaker'  

      12 = 'Disabled' ;

   value QND2_2F /* D2. EMPLOYMENT STATUS: */

      1 = 'Something else (list)'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      6 = 'Employed full-time'  

      7 = 'Employed part-time'  

      8 = 'Unemployed and looking for work'  

      9 = 'Retired'  

      10 = 'Going to school'  

      11 = 'Homemaker'  

      12 = 'Disabled' ;

   value QND2_3F /* D2. EMPLOYMENT STATUS: */

      1 = 'Something else (list)'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      6 = 'Employed full-time'  

      7 = 'Employed part-time'  

      8 = 'Unemployed and looking for work'  

      9 = 'Retired'  

      10 = 'Going to school'  

      11 = 'Homemaker'  

      12 = 'Disabled' ;

   value QND3F /* D3. EDUCATION:  What is the highest grade or year of school you have completed? */

      1 = 'No formal education'  

      2 = 'First through 7th grade'  

      3 = '8th grade'  

      4 = 'Some high school'  

      5 = 'High school graduate'  

      6 = 'Some college'  

      7 = 'Four-year college graduate'  

      8 = 'Some graduate school'  

      9 = 'Graduate degree'  

      10 = 'Don''t know'  

      11 = 'Refused'  

      12 = 'GED' ;

   value QND5F /* D5. ETHNICITY: Are you of Hispanic or Latino origin or descent? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QND5A /* D5a. What would you say is your primary ethnic background? */

      1 = 'Cuban'  

      2 = 'Mexican'  

      3 = 'Spanish'  

      4 = 'South American'  

      5 = 'Central American'  

      6 = 'Puerto Rican, OR'  

      7 = 'Something else'  

      8 = 'Multiple - cannot choose one'  

      9 = 'Don''t know'  

      10 = 'Refused' ;

   value QND6_1F /* D6. What is your race? */

      1 = 'Some other racial group'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      6 = 'White'  

      7 = 'Black or African-American'  

      8 = 'Asian'  

      9 = 'American Indian or Alaskan Native'  

      10 = 'Hispanic'  

      11 = 'Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander' ;

   value QND6_2F /* D6. What is your race? */

      1 = 'Some other racial group'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      6 = 'White'  

      7 = 'Black or African-American'  

      8 = 'Asian'  

      9 = 'American Indian or Alaskan Native'  

      10 = 'Hispanic'  

      11 = 'Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander' ;

   value QND6_3F /* D6. What is your race? */

      1 = 'Some other racial group'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      6 = 'White'  

      7 = 'Black or African-American'  

      8 = 'Asian'  

      9 = 'American Indian or Alaskan Native'  

      10 = 'Hispanic'  

      11 = 'Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander' ;

   value QND6_4F /* D6. What is your race? */

      1 = 'Some other racial group'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      6 = 'White'  

      7 = 'Black or African-American'  

      8 = 'Asian'  

      9 = 'American Indian or Alaskan Native'  

      10 = 'Hispanic'  

      11 = 'Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander' ;

   value QND6_5F /* D6. What is your race? */

      1 = 'Some other racial group'  

      2 = 'Don''t know'  

      3 = 'Refused'  

      6 = 'White'  

      7 = 'Black or African-American'  

      8 = 'Asian'  

      9 = 'American Indian or Alaskan Native'  

      10 = 'Hispanic'  

      11 = 'Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander' ;

   value QND7A /* D7a. Are you a licensed driver; that is, do you have a valid driver's license? */

      1 = 'Yes'  

      2 = 'No'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused' ;

   value QND8F /* D8. INCOME: */

      1 = 'Less than $5,000'  

      2 = '$5,000 to less than $15,000'  

      3 = '$15,000 to less than $30,000'  

      4 = '$30,000 to less than $50,000'  

      5 = '$50,000 to less than $75,000'  

      6 = '$75,000 to less than $100,000, OR'  

      7 = '$100,000  or more'  

      8 = 'Don''t know'  

      9 = 'Refused' ;

   value QND9F /* D9. Weight: */

      99 = 'Less than 100'  

      326 = 'More than 325'  

      997 = 'Missing'  

      998 = 'DK'  

      999 = 'RF' ;

   value QND11A /* D11a. For analysis purposes only, please tell me, does your household have a single hard-wired (land line) phone NUMBER, or does it have more than ONE hard-wired (land line) phone NUMBER coming into it? */

      1 = 'Single phone number'  

      2 = 'More than one phone number'  

      3 = 'Don''t know'  

      4 = 'Refused'  

      5 = 'None' ;

   value QND11F /* D11. And, NOT including lines dedicated to a fax machine, modem, or used strictly for business purposes, how many different hardwired phone NUMBERS do you have coming into your household? */

      0 = 'None'  

      1 = 'One'  

      2 = 'Two'  

      3 = 'Three'  

      4 = '4 or more'  

      6 = 'Don''t know'  

      7 = 'Refused' ;

   value LANG /* Was this interview conducted in English or Spanish? */

      1 = 'English'  

      2 = 'Spanish' ;

   value RACE_REC /* Race variable created for weighting purpose */

      1 = 'White - 1 race only'  

      2 = 'Black - 1 race only'  

      3 = 'Other (Asian/American Indian/Hawaii....) 1 race only'  

      4 = 'Multi-Race' ;

   value FILTER_A /* QN1 <= 2 and QND7A = 2 (FILTER) */

      0 = 'Not Selected'  

      1 = 'Selected' ;



proc datasets library = library ;

modify drinkdrive_2008;

   format     STATE STATE.;

   format     QNSA1 QNSA1F.;

   format    REGION REGION.;

   format      QNS1 QNS1F.;

   format     QNS3A QNS3A.;

   format       QN1 QN1F.;

   format      QN15 QN15F.;

   format      QN17 QN17F.;

   format      QN18 QN18F.;

   format     QN19A QN19A.;

   format      qn20 QN20F.;

   format      qn23 QN23F.;

   format      QN26 QN26F.;

   format      QN27 QN27F.;

   format      QN28 QN28F.;

   format      QN29 QN29F.;

   format      qn31 QN31F.;

   format      QN33 QN33F.;

   format      qn35 QN35F.;

   format      qn36 QN36F.;

   format      QN37 QN37F.;

   format      qn38 QN38F.;

   format     QN39H QN39H.;

   format     QN39M QN39M.;

   format      qn41 QN41F.;

   format     QN43A QN43A.;

   format      qn44 QN44F.;

   format     qn44a QN44A.;

   format      QN49 QN49F.;

   format      qn52 QN52F.;

   format      QN54 QN54F.;

   format      QN56 QN56F.;

   format      QN57 QN57F.;

   format      QN61 QN61F.;

   format     QN64B QN64B.;

   format      qn65 QN65F.;

   format     QN65A QN65A.;

   format      qn66 QN66F.;

   format      QN86 QN86F.;

   format      QN87 QN87F.;

   format    QN88_1 QN88_1F.;

   format    QN88_2 QN88_2F.;

   format    QN88_3 QN88_3F.;

   format      QN89 QN89F.;

   format      QN90 QN90F.;

   format     QN90A QN90A.;

   format    QN91_1 QN91_1F.;

   format    QN91_2 QN91_2F.;

   format    QN91_3 QN91_3F.;

   format     QN96A QN96A.;

   format     QN100 QN100F.;

   format     QN101 QN101F.;

   format     QN102 QN102F.;

   format    QN102B QN102B.;

   format    QN102C QN102C.;

   format     QN103 QN103F.;

   format   QN105BA QN105BA.;

   format   QN105BB QN105BB.;

   format   QN105BC QN105BC.;

   format   QN105BD QN105BD.;

   format     QN113 QN113F.;

   format     qn114 QN114F.;

   format     QN116 QN116F.;

   format     QN120 QN120F.;

   format     qn121 QN121F.;

   format    QN122C QN122C.;

   format     QN123 QN123F.;

   format     qn126 QN126F.;

   format    QN131A QN131A.;

   format    QN132A QN132A.;

   format     QN133 QN133F.;

   format    QN139A QN139A.;

   format    QN139E QN139E.;

   format    QN139G QN139G.;

   format    QN139H QN139H.;

   format    QN139K QN139K.;

   format    QN139L QN139L.;

   format    QN139M QN139M.;

   format    QN139N QN139N.;

   format   QN139_A QN139_A.;

   format   QN139_B QN139_B.;

   format   QN139CA QN139CA.;

   format   QN139CE QN139CE.;

   format   QN139CF QN139CF.;

   format   QN139CG QN139CG.;

   format   QN139CH QN139CH.;

   format   QN139CK QN139CK.;

   format   QN139CL QN139CL.;

   format   QN139CN QN139CN.;

   format   QN140AA QN140AA.;

   format   QN140AB QN140AB.;

   format   QN140AC QN140AC.;

   format   QN140AD QN140AD.;

   format   QN140AE QN140AE.;

   format   QN140AF QN140AF.;

   format      qnd1 QND1F.;

   format     QND1B QND1B.;

   format    QND2_1 QND2_1F.;

   format    QND2_2 QND2_2F.;

   format    QND2_3 QND2_3F.;

   format      QND3 QND3F.;

   format      QND5 QND5F.;

   format     QND5A QND5A.;

   format    QND6_1 QND6_1F.;

   format    QND6_2 QND6_2F.;

   format    QND6_3 QND6_3F.;

   format    QND6_4 QND6_4F.;

   format    QND6_5 QND6_5F.;

   format     QND7A QND7A.;

   format      QND8 QND8F.;

   format      qnd9 QND9F.;

   format    QND11A QND11A.;

   format     QND11 QND11F.;

   format      LANG LANG.;

   format race_recode RACE_REC.;

   format  filter__ FILTER_A.;

quit;