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Countermeasures That Work Appendix A1. Alcohol and Drug Impaired Driving References

References


82 Fed. Reg. 52052 (November 9, 2017), Evaluating Drug Effects on the Ability to Operate a Motor Vehicle: Guidance for Industry: Food and Drug Administration. www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/11/09/2017-24367/evaluating-drug-effects-on-the-ability-to-operate-a-motor-vehicle-guidance-for-industry-availability

AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. (2014). 2013 Traffic Safety Culture Index. https://aaafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2013TrafficSafetyCultureIndexReport.pdf

Alcohol Epidemiology Program. (2000). Alcohol policies in the United States: Highlights from the 50 States. Minneapolis, MI: University of Minnesota, School of Public Health. www.impacteen.org/generalarea_PDFs/Alcohol%20Policies%20in%20the%20United%20States.PDF

Alvarez, J., de Gier, H., Mercier-Guyon, C., & Verstraete, A.  (2007, June 26). Categorization system for medicinal drugs affecting driving performance [Report of the ICADTS Working Group]. International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety www.icadts.nl/reports/medicinaldrugs1.pdf

American Geriatrics Society & A. Pomidor, Ed. (2016, January). Clinician’s guide to assessing and counseling older drivers, 3rd edition (Report No. DOT HS 812 228). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/1988

Baird, J., Nirenberg, T. D., Longabaugh, R., & Mello, M. J. (2013). The effect of group-adapted motivational interviewing on traffic convictions and driving behaviors of court-adjudicated youth. Traffic Injury Prevention, 14, 572-577.

Berning, A., & Smither, D. D. (2014, November). Understanding the limitations of drug test information, reporting, and testing practices in fatal crashes (Traffic Safety Facts Research Note. DOT HS 812 072). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812072

Boddie, A., & O’Brien, A. (2018, March). 2016 digest of State laws: Driving under the influence of drugs. First edition (Report No. DOT HS 812 468). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/40782

Botvin, G. J., & Griffin, K. W. (2007). School-based programmes to prevent alcohol, tobacco and other drug use. International Review of Psychiatry, 19(6), 607-615.

Byrne, P. A., Ma, T., & Elzohairy, Y. (2016). Vehicle impoundments improve drinking and driving licence suspension outcomes: Large-scale evidence from Ontario. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 95, 125–131.

Century Council. (2008). Hardcore drunk driving: A sourcebook of promising strategies, laws & programs. The National Hardcore Drunk Driver Project.

Coleman, H., & Mizenko, K. (2018, October). Impaired-driving leadership model–Findings based on three State case studies (Report No. DOT HS 812 516). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/36877

Compton, R. (2017, July). Marijuana-impaired driving - A Report to Congress (DOT HS 812 440). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/34995

Compton, R., Vegega, M., & Smither, D. (2009). Drug-impaired driving: Understanding the problem and ways to reduce it: A Report to Congress (Report No. DOT HS 811 268). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811268.pdf

Crew, B. K., & Johnson, S. E. (2011). Do victim impact programs reduce recidivism for operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated? Findings from an outcomes evaluation. Criminal Justice Studies, 24, 153-163.

deBaca, J. C., Lapham, S. C., Liang, H. C., & Skipper, B. J. (2001). Victim impact panels: Do they impact drunk drivers? A follow-up of female and male first-time and repeat offenders. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62, 615-620.

De Gier, H. (2006). Medicinal drugs: Critical review of present knowledge and statements for discussion. In Drugs and traffic: A symposium. Transportation Research Circular, Number E- C096, pp. 68-77. Transportation Research Board. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec096.pdf

Ditter, S. M., Elder, R. W., Shults, R. A., Sleet, D. A., Compton, R., & Nichols, J. L. (2005). Effectiveness of designated driver programs for reducing drinking and driving and alcohol- involved crashes: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(5S), 280-287.

DuPont, R. L., Voas, R. B., Walsh, J. M., Shea, C., Talpins, S. K., & Neil, M. M. (2012). The need for drugged driving per se laws: A commentary. Traffic Injury Prevention, 13, 31-42.

Elder, R. W., Nichols, J. L., Shults, R.A., Sleet, D. A., Barrios, L. C., Compton, R., & the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. (2005). Effectiveness of school-based programs for reducing drinking and driving and riding with drinking drivers. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(5S), 288-297.

European Traffic Safety Council. (2016). Alcohol interlocks and drink driving rehabilitation in the EU – Guidelines for Member States. www.etsc.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016_12_alcohol_interlock_guidelines_final.pdf

Evans-Polce, R. J., Patrick, M. E., & O'Malley, P. M. (2017). Prospective associations of 12th-grade drinking intensity and age 19/20 driving-related consequences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(3), 389-391.

Fell, J. C., Fisher, D. A., & McKnight, A. S. (2011, October). A guide for local impaired-driving task forces - Volume I (Report No. DOT HS 811 460A). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/811460a.pdf

Fell, J. C., Fisher, D. A., Yao, J., & McKnight, A. S. (2017). Evaluation of a responsible beverage service and enforcement program: Effects on bar patron intoxication and potential impaired driving by young adults. Traffic Injury Prevention, 18(6), 557-565.

Fell, J. C., Fisher, D. A., Yao, J., McKnight, A. S., Blackman, K. O., & Coleman, H. L. (2017, April). Evaluation of responsible beverage service to reduce impaired driving by 21- to 34-year-old drivers (Report No. DOT HS 812 398). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/2092

Fell, J. C., & Langston, E. A. (2009). A guide for statewide impaired-driving task forces (Report No. DOT HS 811 103). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/811203.pdf

Fell, J., Voas, R. B., & Lange, J. E. (1997). Designated driver concept: Extent of use in the USA. Journal of Traffic Medicine, 25(3–4), 109-114.

Fischer, P. (2019, March). Peer-to-peer teen traffic safety program guide (Report No. DOT HS 812 631). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/13905_peer2peerbrochure_031519_v4-blankpages-tag.pdf

Governors Highway Safety Association. (2018). Drug impaired driving laws. www.ghsa.org/taxonomy/term/1

Goodwin, A. H. (2004). A social norms approach to reduce drinking-driving among university students. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Glasgow, Scotland.

Grube, J., & Stewart, K. (2004). Preventing impaired driving using alcohol policy. Traffic Injury Prevention, 5, 199-207.

Hedlund, J. (2018). Drug-impaired driving: Marijuana and opioids raise critical issues for States. Governors Highway Safety Association. www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/GHSA_DrugImpairedDriving_FINAL.pdf

Hedlund, H., & McCartt, A. T. (2002). Drunk driving in the United States. A roadmap for progress. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety.

Hedlund, J. H., Ulmer, R. G., & Preusser, D. F. (2001, September). Determine why there are fewer young alcohol-impaired drivers (Report No. DOT HS 809 348). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://icsw.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/research/FewerYoungDrivers/

Holder, H. D., & Wagenaar, A. C. (1994). Mandated server training and reduced alcohol- involved traffic crashes: A time series analysis of the Oregon experience. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 26, 89-97.

Hover, A. R., Hover, B. A., & Young, J. C. (2000). Measuring the effectiveness of a community- sponsored DWI intervention for teens. American Journal of Health Studies, 16, 171-176.

Jewell, J., & Hupp, S. D. A. (2005). Examining the effects of fatal vision goggles on changing attitudes and behaviors related to drinking and driving. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 26, 553-565.

Kay, G. G., & Logan, B. K. (2011, March). Drugged driving expert panel report: A consensus protocol for assessing the potential of drugs to impair driving (Report No. DOT HS 808 493). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811438.pdf

Kelley-Baker, T., Berning, A., Ramirez, A., Lacey, J. H., Carr, K., Waehrer, G., & Compton, R. (2017, May). 2013-2014 National Roadside Study of alcohol and drug use by drivers: Drug results (Report No. DOT HS 812 411). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/2097

Kelly-Weeder, S., Phillips, K., & Rounseville, S. (2011). Effectiveness of public health programs for decreasing alcohol consumption. Patient Intelligence, 2011(3), 29.

Klitzner, M., Gruenewald, P.H., Bamberger, E. & Rossiter, C. (1994). A quasi-experimental evaluation of Students Against Driving Drunk. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 20, 57-74.

Lacey, J., Brainard, K., & Snitow, S. (2010, July). Drug per se laws: A review of their use in states (Report No. DOT HS 811 317). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/impaired_driving/pdf/811317.pdf

Lacey, J. H., Kelley-Baker, T., Furr-Holden, D., Voas, R.B., Romano, E., Torres, P., Tippetts, A. S., Ramirez, A., Brainard, K., & Berning, A. (2009, December). 2007 national roadside survey of alcohol and drug use by drivers: Alcohol results (Report No. DOT HS 811 248). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://one.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20­Control/Articles/­Associated%20Files/811248.pdf

Leaf, W. A., & Preusser, D. F. (1995, August). Evaluation of youth peer-to-peer impaired driving programs (Report No. DOT HS 808 309). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/1557

Legrand, S-A., Boets, S., Meesman, U., & Verstraete, A. G. (2012). Medicines and driving: Evaluation of training and software support for patient counseling by pharmacists. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 34, 633-643.

LeRoy, A. A., & Morse, M. L. (2008, May). Multiple medications and vehicle crashes: Analysis of databases (Report No. DOT HS 810 858). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/810858.pdf

Li, K., Simons-Morton, B., Gee, B., & Hingson, R. (2016). Marijuana-, alcohol-, and drug-impaired driving among emerging adults: Changes from high school to one-year post-high school. Journal of Safety Research, 58, 15-20.

Lococo, K., & Tyree, R. (2007). Medication related impaired driving. MedScape Education.

Logan, B. K., Lowrie, K. J., Turri, J. L., Yeakel, J. K., Limoges, J. F., Miles, A. K., Scarneo, C. E., Kerrigan, S., & Farrell, L. J. (2013). Recommendations for toxicological investigation of drug-impaired driving and motor vehicle fatalities. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 37, 552-558.

MacLennan, P. A., Owsley, C., Rue, L. W., & McGwin, G. (2009). Older adults’ knowledge about medications that can impact driving. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. https://aaafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/KnowledgeAboutMedications­AndDrivingReport.pdf

Mai, C., & Subramanian, R. (2017). The price of prisons: Examining State spending trends, 2010-2015. Vera Institute of Justice. www.vera.org/publications/price-of-prisons-2015-state-spending-trends.

McKnight, A. J., & Streff, F. M. (1994). The effect of enforcement upon service of alcohol to intoxicated patrons of bars and restaurants. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 26, 79-88.

Molof, M. J., & Kimball, C. (1994). A study of the implementation and effects of Oregon’s mandatory alcohol server training program. Eugene, OR: Oregon Research Services Inc.

Monteiro, S. P., Huiskes, R., Van Dijk, L., Van Weert, J., & De Gier, J. J. (2013). How effective are pictograms in communicating risk about driving-impairing medicines? Traffic Injury Prevention, 14, 299-308.

Mosher, J., Hauck, A., Carmona, M., Treffers, R., Reitz, D., Curtis, C., Ramirez, R., Moore, A., & Saetta, S. (2009, June). Legal research report: Laws prohibiting alcohol sales to intoxicated persons (Report No. DOT HS 811 142). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/811142.pdf

Moulton, B. E., Peterson, A., Haddix, D., & Drew, L. (2010, August). National survey of drinking and driving attitudes and behaviors: 2008. Volume II: Findings report (Report No. DOT HS 811 343). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811343.pdf

National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances. (2000). Uniform vehicle code. https://iamtraffic.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/UVC2000.pdf

National Conference of State Legislatures. (2017). Drugged driving per se laws. www.ncsl.org­/Portals/1/Documents/transportation/DD_per_se_chart_Feb_2017_27135.pdf

NCSL. (2019). State medical marijuana laws. www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx

National Cooperative Highway Research Program. (2005). A guide for reducing alcohol-related collisions. Transportation Research Board. https://trb.org/publications/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_500v16.pdf

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2006, January). A guide to sentencing DWI offenders. Second edition, 2005 (Report No. DOT HS 810 555). www.nhtsa.gov/people/­injury/alcohol/dwioffenders/A%20Guide2.pdf

NHTSA. (2007, January). Traffic safety resource prosecutor’s manual (Report No. DOT HS 810 706). www.ems.gov/pdf/TSRPManual.pdf

NHTSA. (2017a, June). Digest of impaired driving and selected beverage control laws, 30th edition (Report No. DOT HS 812 394). www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/­documents­/812394-digest-of-impaired-driving-and-selected-beverage-control-laws.pdf

NHTSA. (2017b, May). Evaluation of responsible beverage service to reduce impaired driving by 21- to 34-year-old drivers (Traffic Tech Technology Transfer Series. Report No. DOT HS 812 416). https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/2098

National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2018). Beverage service training and related practices. https://alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/apis-policy-topics/beverage-service-training-and-related-practices/26/maps-and-charts

National Transportation Safety Board. (2000). Actions to reduce fatalities, injuries, and crashes involving the hard core drinking driver (NTSB/SR-00/01). https://ntlrepository.blob.core.windows.net/lib/17000/17100/17173/PB2000917003.pdf

Nielson, A. L., & Watson, B. (2009). The effectiveness of designated driver programs. Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety, 20(2), 32-37.

Perkins, H. W. (2002). Social norms and the prevention of alcohol misuse in collegiate contexts. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 14(S), 164-172.

Perkins, H. W. (Ed.). (2003). The emergence and evolution of the social norms approach to substance abuse prevention. Jossey-Bass.

Pollini, R. A., Waehrer, G., & Kelley-Baker, T. (2017). Receipt of warnings regarding potentially impairing prescription medications and associated risk perceptions in a national sample of US drivers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 78(6), 805-813.

Ramirez, R., Nguyen, D., Cannon, C., Carmona, M, & Freisthler, B. (2008, April). A campaign to reduce impaired driving through retail-oriented enforcement in Washington state (Report No. DOT HS 810 913). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16482

Reisfeld, G. M., Goldberger, B. A., Gold, M. S., & DuPont, R. L. (2012). The mirage of impairing drug concentration thresholds: A rationale for zero tolerance per se driving under the influence of drugs laws. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 36, 353-356.

Robertson, R. D., & Simpson, H. M. (2002). DWI system improvements for dealing with hard core drinking drivers: Prosecution. Traffic Injury Research Foundation. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/688c/111bf6414779a89060c18448bccbac840cf8.pdf?_ga=2.234903367.75762146.1570474381-1703944869.1510587726

Robertson, R., Vanlaar, W., & Simpson, H. (2007). A criminal justice perspective on ignition interlocks: Proceedings of the 3rd annual meeting of the working group on DWI system improvements. www.tirf.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/A_Criminal_Justice_Perspective.pdf

Scherer, M., Fell, J. C., Thomas, S., & Voas, R. B. (2015). Effects of dram shop, responsible beverage service training, and state alcohol control laws on underage drinking driver fatal crash ratios. Traffic Injury Prevention, 16(sup2), S59-S65.

Shinar, D., & Compton, R. P. (1995). Victim impact panels: Their impact on DWI recidivism. Alcohol, Drugs and Driving, 11, 73-87.

Shults, R. A., Elder, R. W., Sleet, D. A., Nichols, J. L., Alao, M. O., Carande-Kulis, V. G., . . . Thompson, R. S. (2001). Review of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 21(4S), 66-84.

Schulze, H., Schumacher, M., Urmeew, R., Auerbach, K., Alvarez, J., Bernhoft, I. M., de Gier, H., Hagenzieker, M., Houwing, S., Knoche, A., Pilgerstorfer, M., & Zlender, B. (2012). Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines in Europe — Findings from the DRUID project.  Publications Office of the European Union.

Smith, R. C., Turturici, M., & Camden, M. C. (2018). Countermeasures against prescription and over-the-counter drug-impaired driving. AAA Foundation. https://aaafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/VTTI_Rx_OTC_FinalReport_VTTI-FINAL-complete-9.20.pdf

Smyth, T., Sheehan, M., & Siskind, V. (2013). Hospital outpatients’ responses to taking medications with driving warnings. Traffic Injury Prevention, 14, 18-25.

Vandrevala, T., Helman, S., Turner, C., & Stone, B. (2010). Medication and road safety: A scoping study (Road Safety Research Report No. 116). https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101007192647/www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roadsafety/research/rsrr/theme3/report16review.pdf

Vanlaar, W. G. M., Hing, M. M., Powell, T. C., & Robertson, R. D. (2017b). Alternatives to alcohol-impaired driving: Results from the 2016 TIRF USA road safety monitor. http://tirf.us/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/RSM-TIRF-USA-Alternatives-to-Alcohol-Impaired-Driving-2016-Data-6.pdf

Voas, R. B., DuPont, R. L., Shea, C. L., & Talpins, S. K. (2013). Prescription drugs, drugged driving and per se laws. Injury Prevention, 19(3), 218-221.

Voas, R. B., & Lacey, J. H. (2011, March). Alcohol and highway safety 2006: A review of the state of knowledge (Report No. DOT HS 811 374). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811374.pdf

Wagenaar, A. C., & Maldonado-Molina, M. M. (2007). Effects of drivers’ license suspension policies on alcohol-related crash involvement: Long-term follow-up in forty-six states. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 1399-1406.

Wagenaar, A. C., Maldonado-Molina, M. M., Erickson, D. J. Ma, L., Tobler, A. L., & Komro, K. A. (2008). General deterrence effects of U.S. statutory DUI fine and jail penalties: Long-term follow-up in 32 states. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39, 982-994.

Wagenaar, A. C., & Tobler, A. L. (2007). Alcohol sales and service to underage youth and intoxicated patrons. Effects of responsible beverage service training and enforcement interventions. In Traffic Safety and Alcohol Regulation: A Symposium, June 5-6, 2006, Irvine, CA. (Transportation Research Circular, No. E-C123, pp. 141-163). Transportation Research Board. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec123.pdf

Wagenaar, A. C., Zobek, T. S., Williams, G. D., & Hingson, R. (2000). Effects of DWI control efforts: A systematic review of the literature from 1960-1991. University of Minnesota School of Public Health.

Walsh, J. M. (2009, December). A state-by-state analysis of laws dealing with driving under the influence of drugs (Report No. DOT HS 811 236). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811236.pdf

Watson, A., & Watson, B. (2014). An outcome evaluation of the ‘Skipper’ designated driver program. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 66, 27-35.

Weatherburn, D., & Moffatt, S. (2011). The specific deterrent effect of higher fines on drink- driving offenders. British Journal of Criminology, 51, 789-803.

Wheeler, D. R., Rogers, E. M., Tonigan, J. S., & Woodall, W. G. (2004). Effectiveness of customized victim impact panels on first-time DWI offender inmates. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36, 29-35.