A5. Motorcycle Safety

Table of Contents

This section provides expanded discussion of the ✩ and ✩✩ countermeasures. Countermeasures that receive ✩ or ✩✩ have NOT been determined to be effective, either because there has been limited or no high-quality evidence (✩) or because effectiveness is still undetermined based on the available evidence (✩✩).

States should use caution in selecting ✩ or ✩✩ countermeasures, since conclusive evidence is not available to demonstrate the effectiveness of these countermeasures. If they decide to use a new or emerging countermeasure that has not yet been studied sufficiently to demonstrate that the countermeasure is effective, they are encouraged to have the countermeasure evaluated in connection with its use.

The ✩ and ✩✩ countermeasures covered in this section of the appendix are listed below.

1. Motorcycle Helmets

Countermeasure

Effectiveness

Cost

Use

Time

1.2 Helmet Use Promotion Programs

✩

Varies

Low

Varies

1.3 Helmet Law Enforcement; Noncompliant

Helmets

✩

Unknown

Medium

2. Alcohol Impairment

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
2.2 Alcohol Impairment: Communications	✩	$$	Medium	Medium

3. Motorcycle Rider Licensing and Training

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
3.1 Motorcycle Rider Licensing	✩	$	High	Medium
3.2 Motorcycle Rider Training	✩✩	$$	High	Varies

4. Communications and Outreach

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
4.1 Conspicuity and Protective Clothing	✩	Varies	High	Medium
4.2 Motorist Awareness of Motorcyclists	✩	Varies	High	Medium

Effectiveness:
✩✩		Effectiveness still undetermined; different methods of implementing this countermeasure produce different results
✩		Limited or no high-quality evaluation evidence

Effectiveness is measured by reductions in crashes or injuries unless noted otherwise. See individual countermeasure descriptions for information on effectiveness size and how effectiveness is measured.
Cost to implement:
$$$	Requires extensive new facilities, staff, equipment, or publicity, or makes heavy demands on current resources
$$	Requires some additional staff time, equipment, facilities, and/or publicity
$	Can be implemented with current staff, perhaps with training; limited costs for equipment or facilities

These estimates do not include the costs of enacting legislation or establishing policies.

Use:
High			More than two-thirds of the States, or a substantial majority of communities
Medium			One-third to two-thirds of States or communities
Low			Less than one-third of the States or communities
Unknown			Data not available

Time to implement:
Long			More than 1 year
Medium			More than 3 months but less than 1 year
Short			3 months or less

These estimates do not include the time required to enact legislation or establish policies.

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