A9. Bicycle Safety

Table of Contents

This section provides expanded discussion of the ✩ and ✩✩ countermeasures. Countermeasures that receive ✩ or ✩✩ have NOT been determined to be effective, either because there has been limited or no high-quality evidence (✩) or because effectiveness is still undetermined based on the available evidence (✩✩).

States should use caution in selecting ✩ or ✩✩ countermeasures, since conclusive evidence is not available to demonstrate the effectiveness of these countermeasures. If they decide to use a new or emerging countermeasure that has not yet been studied sufficiently to demonstrate that the countermeasure is effective, they are encouraged to have the countermeasure evaluated in connection with its use.

The ✩ and ✩✩ countermeasures covered in this section of the appendix are listed below.

1. Children

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
1.3 Bicycle Safety Education for Children	✩✩	$	Unknown	Short
1.4 Cycling Skills Clinics, Bike Fairs, Bike Rodeos	✩	$	Unknown	Short

2. Adults

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
2.2 Bicycle Safety Education for Adult Cyclists	✩	$$	Low	Medium

3. All Bicyclists

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
3.2 Promote Bicycle Helmet Use with Education	✩✩	$$$	Medium	Medium
3.3 Enforcement Strategies	✩	$$	Unknown	Varies
3.4 Motorist Passing Bicyclist Laws	✩	$	Medium	Short

4. Drivers and Bicyclists

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
4.1 Driver Training	✩	$	Low	Medium
4.2 Share the Road Awareness Programs	✩✩	$$	Unknown	Medium

Effectiveness:
✩✩		Effectiveness still undetermined; different methods of implementing this countermeasure produce different results
✩		Limited or no high-quality evaluation evidence

Effectiveness is measured by reductions in crashes or injuries unless noted otherwise. See individual countermeasure descriptions for information on effectiveness size and how effectiveness is measured.
Cost to implement:
$$$	Requires extensive new facilities, staff, equipment, or publicity, or makes heavy demands on current resources
$$	Requires some additional staff time, equipment, facilities, and/or publicity
$	Can be implemented with current staff, perhaps with training; limited costs for equipment or facilities

These estimates do not include the costs of enacting legislation or establishing policies.

Use:
High		More than two-thirds of the States, or a substantial majority of communities
Medium		One-third to two-thirds of States or communities
Low		Less than one-third of the States or communities
Unknown		Data not available

Time to implement:
Long		More than 1 year
Medium		More than 3 months but less than 1 year
Short		3 months or less

These estimates do not include the time required to enact legislation or establish policies.

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