Countermeasures
Legislation and Licensing
Countermeasure |
Effectiveness |
Cost |
Use |
Time |
Lower Speed Limits |
|
$ |
High |
Varies |
Variable Speed Limits |
|
$$$ |
Medium |
Varies |
Increasing Penalties |
|
Varies |
High |
Varies |
Enforcement
Countermeasure |
Effectiveness |
Cost |
Use |
Time |
Speed Safety Camera Enforcement |
|
Varies |
Low |
Medium |
High-Visibility Enforcement |
|
$$$ |
Medium |
Medium |
Other Strategies for Behavior Change
Countermeasure |
Effectiveness |
Cost |
Use |
Time |
Dynamic Speed Display/Feedback Signs |
|
$ |
High |
Short |
Intelligent Speed Assistance |
|
Varies |
Unknown |
Varies |
Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation
Countermeasure |
Aggressive Driving and Other Laws |
Diversion and Plea Agreements/Traffic Violator School |
Evaluation MetricsEffectiveness: |
|
|
Demonstrated to be effective by several high-quality evaluations with consistent results. |
|
Demonstrated to be effective in certain situations. |
|
Likely to be effective based on balance of evidence from high-quality evaluations. |
|
Limited evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well. |
|
No evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well. |
Cost to implement: |
|
$$$ |
Requires extensive new facilities, staff, equipment, or publicity, or makes heavy demands on current resources. |
$$ |
Requires some additional staff time, equipment, facilities, and/or publicity. |
$ |
Can be implemented with current staff, perhaps with training; limited costs for equipment or facilities. |
These estimates do not include the costs of enacting legislation or establishing policies. |
|
Use: |
|
High |
More than two-thirds of the States, or a substantial majority of communities |
Medium |
One-third to two-thirds of the States or communities |
Low |
Less than one-third of the States or communities |
Unknown |
Data not available |
Time to implement: |
|
Long |
More than 1 year |
Medium |
More than 3 months but less than 1 year |
Short |
3 months or less |
These estimates do not include the time required to enact legislation or establish policies. |