NHTSA Interpretation File Search
Overview
NHTSA's Chief Counsel interprets the statutes that the agency administers and the standards and regulations that it issues. Members of the public may submit requests for interpretation, and the Chief Counsel will respond with a letter of interpretation. These interpretation letters look at the particular facts presented in the question and explain the agency’s opinion on how the law applies given those facts. These letters of interpretation are guidance documents. They do not have the force and effect of law and are not meant to bind the public in any way. They are intended only to provide information to the public regarding existing requirements under the law or agency policies.
Understanding NHTSA’s Online Interpretation Files
NHTSA makes its letters of interpretation available to the public on this webpage.
An interpretation letter represents the opinion of the Chief Counsel based on the facts of individual cases at the time the letter was written. While these letters may be helpful in determining how the agency might answer a question that another person has if that question is similar to a previously considered question, do not assume that a prior interpretation will necessarily apply to your situation.
- Your facts may be sufficiently different from those presented in prior interpretations, such that the agency's answer to you might be different from the answer in the prior interpretation letter;
- Your situation may be completely new to the agency and not addressed in an existing interpretation letter;
- The agency's safety standards or regulations may have changed since the prior interpretation letter was written so that the agency's prior interpretation no longer applies; or
- Some combination of the above, or other, factors.
Searching NHTSA’s Online Interpretation Files
Before beginning a search, it’s important to understand how this online search works. Below we provide some examples of searches you can run. In some cases, the search results may include words similar to what you searched because it utilizes a fuzzy search algorithm.
Single word search
Example: car
Result: Any document containing that word.
Multiple word search
Example: car seat requirements
Result: Any document containing any of these words.
Connector word search
Example: car AND seat AND requirements
Result: Any document containing all of these words.
Note: Search operators such as AND or OR must be in all capital letters.
Phrase in double quotes
Example: "headlamp function"
Result: Any document with that phrase.
Conjunctive search
Example: functionally AND minima
Result: Any document with both of those words.
Wildcard
Example: headl*
Result: Any document with a word beginning with those letters (e.g., headlamp, headlight, headlamps).
Example: no*compl*
Result: Any document beginning with the letters “no” followed by the letters “compl” (e.g., noncompliance, non-complying).
Not
Example: headlamp NOT crash
Result: Any document containing the word “headlamp” and not the word “crash.”
Complex searches
You can combine search operators to write more targeted searches.
Note: The database does not currently support phrase searches with wildcards (e.g., “make* inoperative”).
Example: Headl* AND (supplement* OR auxiliary OR impair*)
Result: Any document containing words that are variants of “headlamp” (headlamp, headlights, etc.) and also containing a variant of “supplement” (supplement, supplemental, etc.) or “impair” (impair, impairment, etc.) or the word “auxiliary.”
Search Tool
NHTSA's Interpretation Files Search
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ID: aiam5070OpenMr. G. Thomas Owens Senior Engineering Representative Aetna Post Office Box 26283 Richmond, VA 23260-6283; Mr. G. Thomas Owens Senior Engineering Representative Aetna Post Office Box 26283 Richmond VA 23260-6283; "Dear Mr. Owens: This responds to your letter requesting informatio regarding the legal aspects of school bus safety standards. Specifically, you requested a book or pamphlet containing the requested information. By way of background information, under the provisions of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, 15 U.S.C. 1381 et seq. (Safety Act), the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is authorized to promulgate Federal motor vehicle safety standards that apply to the manufacture and sale of new motor vehicles, in order to reduce the number of fatalities and injuries that result from motor vehicle crashes. In 1974 Congress enacted the Motor Vehicle and Schoolbus Safety Amendments of 1974 which, by amending section 121 of the Safety Act, directed the issuance of motor vehicle safety standards on specific aspects of school bus safety, applicable to all school buses. Those standards became effective on April 1, 1977 and are included, along with the rest of the agency's safety standards, in 49 CFR Part 571. The Safety Act defines a school bus as a vehicle that 'is likely to be significantly used for the purpose of transporting primary, preprimary, or secondary school students to or from such schools or events related to such schools.' NHTSA further defines a school bus as a motor vehicle designed for carrying eleven or more persons, including the driver, and sold for transporting students to and from school or school-related events. See 49 CFR 571.3. It is a violation of Federal law for any person knowingly to sell as a school bus any new vehicle that does not comply with all applicable Federal school bus safety standards. On the other hand, once a vehicle has been sold to the first purchaser for purposes other than resale, it may be used to transport school children without violating Federal law, even though it may not comply with Federal school bus safety standards. That is because individual states have the authority to regulate the use of vehicles. Therefore, to ascertain whether one may use noncomplying vehicles to transport school children, one must look to state law. It is this agency's position that vehicles meeting Federal school bus safety standards are the safest way to transport school children. Please find enclosed a pamphlet issued by this agency entitled Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations, which summarizes our safety standards. Specifically, the following standards include requirements for school buses: Standards 101 through 104, Standard 105 (school buses with hydraulic brakes) Standards 106 through 108, Standards 111 through 113, Standard 115, Standard 116 (school buses with hydraulic service brakes), Standards 119 and 120, Standard 121 (school buses with air brakes), Standard 124, Standard 131 (effective September 1, 1992), Standards 201 through 204 (school buses with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,000 pounds or less), Standard 205, Standards 207 through 210, Standard 212 (school buses with GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less), Standard 217, Standard 219 (school buses with GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less), Standard 220, Standard 221 (school buses with GVWR greater than 10,000 pounds), Standard 222, Standards 301 and 302. Some of the above-listed standards have unique requirements for school buses, including, but not necessarily limited to, Standards 105, 108, 111, 217, and 301. Other standards are applicable only to school buses, such as Standards 131, 220, 221, and 222. Standard 131 was promulgated on May 3, 1991 and may be found at 56 Federal Register 20370. It requires all school buses manufactured after September 1, 1992, to be equipped with stop signal arms. Standard 220 establishes requirements for school bus rollover protection. Standard 221 establishes strength requirements for school bus body panel joints. Standard 222 establishes minimum crash protection levels for occupants of school buses. Under the provisions of Standard 222, small school buses, that is those with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less, must be equipped with lap belts. For large school buses, those with a GVWR greater than 10,000 pounds, the standard requires occupant protection through 'compartmentalization,' a concept which calls for strong, well-padded, well-anchored, high-backed, evenly spaced seats. Should you wish copies of our safety standards, I am enclosing for your information a fact sheet prepared by this office entitled Where to Obtain NHTSA's Safety Standards and Regulations. I hope this information is helpful. If you have further questions in this regard, please feel free to contact Mr. Walter Myers of my staff at this address or by telephone at (202) 366-2992. Sincerely, Paul Jackson Rice Chief Counsel Enclosures"; |
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ID: aiam3239OpenMr. David T. Steadman, Senior Section Engineer, Project and Development Center, British Standards Institution, Maylands Avenue, Memel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4SQ England; Mr. David T. Steadman Senior Section Engineer Project and Development Center British Standards Institution Maylands Avenue Memel Hempstead Herts HP2 4SQ England; Dear Mr. Steadman: Please accept my apologies for our delay in responding to your lette of November 30, 1979. You asked whether five enumerated types of machinery capable of highway travel would be considered motor vehicles to which Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and fuel economy standards would apply. The vehicles enumerated in your letter were:; >>>Wheel-mounted front-end loader, Crawler-mounted front-end loader Crawler- mounted hydraulic excavator, (Rough terrain) fork lift truck, Backhoe-loader<<<; As explained below, these vehicles are not subject to fuel econom standards. However, without more detailed information concerning these machines, we cannot give you a definitive answer as to their possible classification as motor vehicles to which Federal motor vehicle safety standards may be applicable. Nonetheless, we can provide you with guidelines for use in determining the status of these vehicles.; Pursuant to Title V of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Saving Act (15 U.S.C. 2001), this agency has promulgated regulations which establish the categories of motor vehicles that are subject to fuel economy standards. The regulations (49 CFR Part 523, copy enclosed) state that fuel economy standards are applicable only to automobiles, light trucks, and automobiles capable of off-highway travel. The definitions of these items which appear in Part 523 do not appear to encompass the types of vehicles that you enumerated in your letter.; Our safety standards apply to a vehicle and its manufacturer only i the vehicle qualifies as a 'motor vehicle' under the provisions of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966. Section 102(3) of the Act (15 U.S.C. 1391(3)) defines 'motor vehicle' as:; >>>any vehicle driven or drawn by mechanical power manufacture primarily for use on the public streets, roads, and highways, except any vehicle operated exclusively on a rail or rails.<<<; Thus, a motor vehicle is a vehicle which the manufacturer has reason t expect will use public highways at least part of the time.; Tracked (i.e., crawler mounted) and other vehicles incapable of highwa travel are not motor vehicles. In addition, vehicles intended and sold solely for off-road use (e.g., aircraft runway vehicles and underground mining vehicles) are not considered vehicles even if operationally capable of highway travel. They would, however, be considered motor vehicles if the manufacturer knew that a substantial proportion of his customers actually would use them on the highway.; There are some vehicles which are excepted from the motor vehicl classification despite their use of the highway. Highway maintenance and construction equipment lane strippers, self-propelled asphalt pavers, and other vehicles whose maximum speed does not exceed 20 miles per hour and whose abnormal configuration distinguishes them from the traffic flow are not considered motor vehicles.; Historically, the agency has regarded vehicles which use the highway o a necessary and recurring basis to move between work sites as motor vehicles. The primary function of such vehicles is of a mobile, workperforming nature and as such their manufacturer contemplates a primary use of the highway. Mobile cranes, rigs, and towed equipment such as chippers and pull-type street sweepers are examples of vehicles which, in the agency's views, qualify as trucks or trailers and, as such are subject to several of the Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.; However, in a recent decision the United States Court of Appeals fo the Seventh Circuit held that mobile construction equipment does not fall within the definition of 'motor vehicles' found in section 102(3) of the Act. *Koehring Co.* v. *Adams*, 605 F.2d 280 (7th Cir. 1979). The agency has decided not to seek certiorari to the United States Supreme Court. Accordingly, the agency considers itself to be bound by the court's judgment in *Koehring* within the territorial limits of the Seventh Circuit (i.e. the states of Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin) although it has not yet formulated its policy with respect to the nationwide applicability of the court's holdings. A manufacturer seeking to export vehicles from the United Kingdom to any of these states might wish to consult an attorney who practices in the Seventh Circuit.; A copy of the *Koehring* decision is enclosed. Also enclosed is a information sheet containing advice for obtaining an up-to-date copy of the regulations which apply to motor vehicles and their manufacturers, and a copy of 49 CFR Part 523, *Vehicle Classification*.; Sincerely, Frank Berndt, Chief Counsel |
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ID: aiam3957OpenMr. James H. Westlake, Associate Director, American Truck Dealers Division, National Automobile Dealers Association, 8400 Westpark Drive, McLean, VA 22102; Mr. James H. Westlake Associate Director American Truck Dealers Division National Automobile Dealers Association 8400 Westpark Drive McLean VA 22102; Dear Mr. Westlake: This is in reply to your letter of February 25, 1985, to Mr. Stephe Wood of this office asking the following three questions about rebuilding and remanufacturing heavy duty trucks.; >>>'1) When rebuilding a used truck with a glider kit, it is ou understanding that the process is considered 'rebuilding' when the three major components (engine, transmission and rear axle) are reused in the rebuilding process. If one or more of these major components is new, does the production of the truck chassis change its legal character from 'rebuilding' to 'first stage manufacturer'?'<<<; Neither the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act ('the Act' nor the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard ('safety standards') contain the terms 'rebuilding' and 'first stage manufacturer'. Your question, however, is clear: when new and used components are used in rebuilding a heavy truck, at what point does the truck become a 'new' vehicle which must comply with all safety standards that apply to trucks.; The agency's regulation on *Combining new and used components*, 49 CF 571.7(e), provides:; >>>'When a new cab is used in the assembly of a truck, the truck wil be considered newly manufactured for purposes of compliance with the safety standards and other provisions of the Act unless the engine, transmission, and drive axle(s) (as a minimum) of the assembled vehicle are not new, and at least two of these components were taken from the same vehicle'.<<<; Thus, in terms of your question, if the three major components ar reused in the rebuilding process and at least two of the three came from the same vehicle, the Federal motor vehicle safety standards do not apply even if a new cab is used. But if one of the three components is new, or if all are used and came from three different motor vehicles, then the standards apply and the truck must meet them, and be certified as meeting them, upon final assembly.; Your reference to 'first stage manufacturer' implies that there may b rebuilding fact situations in which the process is completed by a person other than the manufacturer who initiated it. If the rebuilt truck is 'new', then its assemblers are subject to 49 CFR Part 568 *Vehicle (sic) Manufactured in Two or More Stages*. If the truck meets the definition of 'incomplete vehicle', then the 'incomplete vehicle manufacturer' is required to furnish the specified compliance information necessary for certification to the 'intermediate stage manufacturer' or the 'final stage manufacturer' as the case may be (sec. 568.3).; >>>'2) When a truck chassis is built by a dealer and legally classifie as 'new manufacturing' what federal regulations must be complied with that do not apply when the vehicle is considered rebuilt?'<<<; As indicated above, the truck must be completed to comply with al safety standards that apply to trucks and be certified by its assembler as so conforming in accordance with Part 567 *Certification*. If more than one party is involved in the remanufacturing process, each party is subject to Part 568. In addition, any party remanufacturing a truck that must be certified as conforming is required to file a statement in the form prescribed by Part 566 *Manufacturer Identification*.; >>>'3) What penalties exist for failing to comply with these Federa regulations?'<<<; As provided by section 109(a) of the act, any person violating an provision of the Act or a regulation issued thereunder is subject to a civil penalty of up to $1000 for each violation, up to $800,000 for any related series of violations. In addition, under Section 110(a) of the Act, the agency may seek to restrain the manufacture, sale, offer for sale, introduction, or delivery for introduction into interstate commerce of any rebuilt truck that should have met Federal motor vehicle safety standards but in fact did not do so. Also, section 154 of the Act requires manufacturers to conduct recall campaigns and remedy any non-compliances with applicable safety standards.; I hope this information is helpful. Sincerely, Jeffrey R. Miller, Chief Counsel |
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ID: aiam5309OpenLawrence P. White, Acting Director Bureau of Motor Vehicles Department of Transportation Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Harrisburg, PA 17122; Lawrence P. White Acting Director Bureau of Motor Vehicles Department of Transportation Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Harrisburg PA 17122; "Dear Mr. White: This responds to your letter of December 13, 1993 asking several questions concerning a recent amendment to Standard No. 217, Bus Emergency Exits and Window Retention and Release (57 FR 49413, November 2, 1992). Your questions and the response to each follows. 1. The effective date - is it the chassis manufacturer's date of completion, the final stage manufacturer's date of completion, or somewhere in between? The effective date for the November 2 final rule is May 2, 1994. Only vehicles manufactured on or after the effective date of an applicable requirement in a Federal motor vehicle safety standard must comply with that requirement. If a vehicle is manufactured in two or more stages, the final stage manufacturer is required to certify that the vehicle complies with 'the standards in effect on the date of manufacture of the incomplete vehicle, the date of final completion, or a date between those two dates.' (49 CFR Part 568.6). 2. Based on the formula for emergency exit space, is the area of the front service door to be included? Does this mean on a vehicle of 60 to 77 passengers, the only additional requirements beyond the front and rear doors is a left side exit door? The November 2 final rule requires additional emergency exit area (AEEA) for some buses. The amount, if any, of AEEA which must be provided is determined by subtracting the area of the front service door and either the area of the rear emergency door or the area of the side emergency door and the rear push- out window, depending on the configuration of the bus (S5.2.3.1). These are the minimum exits required on all buses. If AEEA is required, the first additional exit which must be installed is a left side emergency door (for a bus with a rear emergency door) or a right side emergency door (for a bus with a left side emergency door and a rear push-out window). The number of exits may vary for buses which carry the same number of passengers, because the amount of area credited for each exit is the area of daylight opening, and because different variations of types of exits are possible. However, in the regulatory evaluation for the final rule, the agency estimated that a bus would not be required to have a roof exit (the second type of additional exit required) unless the capacity was greater than 62 (for a bus with a rear emergency door) or 77 (for a bus with a left side emergency door and a rear push-out window). 3. The 'clear aisle space' required for exit to the proposed side emergency door, according to federal specifications, can be met with a flip-up type seat or a clear opening of 12', as measured from the back of the door forward. Are there any specifications, definitions, or descriptions provided as to what would be considered a 'flip seat'? The November 2 final rule allowed a flip-up seat to be adjacent to a side emergency exit door 'if the seat bottom pivots and automatically assumes and retains a vertical position when not in use, so that no portion of the seat bottom is within' the required 12 inch aisle to the exit (S5.4.2.1(a)(2)(ii)). The agency did not otherwise define a flip-up seat, nor did it include any performance requirements for these seats. 4. Also, there is concern regarding school buses that are equipped with the 'flip seat' by the emergency door opening and the possibility of school children, either intentionally or accidently, unlatching the door latch mechanism. Are the door latch mechanisms to be equipped to help prevent this from occurring? Standard No. 217 includes requirements for the type of motion and force required to release an emergency exit (S5.3.3). One of these requirements is that the motion to release a door must be upward from inside the bus (upward or pull-type for school buses with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 kilograms or less). This is intended to lessen the chance of a door accidently being opened, without unnecessarily making the exit more complicated to open in an emergency. In addition, warning alarms are required for door and window exits to notify the driver that the exit has been opened. I hope you find this information helpful. If you have any other questions, please contact Walter Myers of my staff at this address or by phone at (202) 366-2992. Sincerely, John Womack Acting Chief Counsel"; |
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ID: aiam5562OpenDennis T. Snyder, Esquire 7600 Red Road Suite 200 South Miami, FL 33143; Dennis T. Snyder Esquire 7600 Red Road Suite 200 South Miami FL 33143; "Dear Mr. Snyder: This is in response to your letter of May 11, 1995 asking whether a client of yours is a 'final stage manufacturer' within the meaning of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act and implementing regulations on manufacturer identification and vehicle certification found in 49 CFR Parts 566, 567, and 568. You have described this client as being engaged in the manufacture of completed heavy duty dump trucks, vans, and road tractors from used chassis-cabs. The term 'manufacturer' is defined in 49 U.S.C. 30102(a)(5) (formerly section 102(5) of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act) as 'a person- (A) manufacturing or assembling motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment . . . ' (emphasis added). Based on your description of your client as being engaged in the assembly of completed motor vehicles, it would appear to meet this definition. Because the manufacturer identification requirements of 49 CFR Part 566 apply to 'all manufacturers of motor vehicles,' as stated in section 566.3 of that Part, your client would be required to submit to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) the identifying information specified in 49 CFR 566.5. The term 'final stage manufacturer' is defined at 49 CFR 568.3 as 'a person who performs such manufacturing operations on an incomplete vehicle that it becomes a completed vehicle.' An 'incomplete vehicle' is defined in that section as 'an assemblage consisting, at a minimum, of frame and chassis structure, power train, steering system, suspension system, and braking system . . . that requires further manufacturing operations . . . to become a completed vehicle.' The term 'completed vehicle' is in turn defined in section 568.3 as 'a vehicle that requires no further manufacturing operations to perform its intended function . . . .' Based on your description of your client as being engaged in the manufacture of completed heavy duty dump trucks, vans, and road tractors from chassis-cabs, it would qualify as a final stage manufacturer, as that term is defined in section 568.3. Requirements for final stage manufacturers are specified at 49 CFR 568.6. This section provides that a final stage manufacturer shall complete each vehicle 'in such a manner that it conforms to the Federal motor vehicle safety standards in effect on the date of manufacture of the incomplete vehicle, the date of final completion, or a date between those two dates,' and shall affix a label to the vehicle attesting to that conformance in accordance with 49 CFR 567.5, which specifies certification requirements for vehicles manufactured in two or more stages. These certification requirements are in implementation of 49 U.S.C. 30115, which requires the manufacturer of a new motor vehicle to certify to the dealer or distributor at delivery that the vehicle complies with applicable motor vehicle safety standards. NHTSA has long taken the position, however, that a vehicle is used if it is assembled by adding a new body to the chassis of a vehicle previously registered for use on the public roads. As a consequence, your client would not be required to certify the vehicles that it manufactures in this fashion. Your client would nevertheless be subject to 49 U.S.C. 30122(b), which provides that ' a manufacturer, distributor, dealer, or motor vehicle repair business may not knowingly make inoperative any part of a device or element of design installed on or in a motor vehicle . . . in compliance with an applicable motor vehicle safety standard . . . .' NHTSA has interpreted this provision as requiring any of the specified entities that remove an old body from a vehicle in order to install a new one to ensure that the newly completed vehicle meets the standards that the vehicle was originally required to meet. For example, a vehicle consisting of a body manufactured in 1995 mounted on a used 1989 chassis must meet all standards that applied to 1989 vehicles. Your client would be liable for any violation of this requirement on vehicles that it manufactures, regardless of whether it removed the body from the old vehicle itself, or directed another entity to do so. Additionally, as a vehicle manufacturer, your client would be required under 49 U.S.C. 30118 to furnish owners with notification of, and a remedy for, any safety-related defect or any noncompliance with an applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standard that is found to exist in a vehicle that it assembles. If you have any further questions regarding this matter, feel free to contact Coleman Sachs of my staff at the above address, or by telephone at (202) 366- 5238. Sincerely, John Womack Acting Chief Counsel"; |
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ID: aiam3171OpenMr. R. M. Premo, Director, Vehicle Safety Activities, Sheller-Globe Corporation, 3555 St. Johns Road, Lima, OH 45804; Mr. R. M. Premo Director Vehicle Safety Activities Sheller-Globe Corporation 3555 St. Johns Road Lima OH 45804; Dear Mr. Premo: This responds to your November 12, 1979, letter asking whether severa joints in your school bus must comply with Standard No. 221, *School Bus Body Joint Strength*. All of the joints concern what you have called maintenance access panels.; As you are aware, the agency has discovered through its complianc testing that most school bus manufacturers have taken advantage of the maintenance access panel exemption from the standard. The result is that many joints in school buses are not as secure as they should be and, during an accident, might result in injury to children being transported in those buses. The agency is very concerned about this practice and is considering methods of limiting the maintenance access panel exemption.; Your letter asks the agency to consider the fact that the panels whos joints you are questioning are plastic and not metal. Therefore, you conclude that the edges are not sharp, and even if the panels come unfastened in an accident, their edges will not be likely to injure the occupants of your buses.; The standard establishes joint strength tests that apply uniformly t all joints regardless of the material used in the panel. While it may be true that plastic panels are less likely to injure occupants of buses when a panel becomes disconnected during an accident, Standard No. 221 addresses other safety areas beyond preventing the sharp edges of panels from cutting occupants. Joint strength is necessary for the vehicle integrity during accidents. This is as important as preventing cutting edges from panels. Accordingly, the agency will continue to subject all joints falling within the parameters of the standard to the requirements of the standard without regard to the material used in a panel.; With respect to the questions posed in your letter, you first as whether the right and left hand windshield pillar covers must comply with the standard. You indicate that a hose runs behind one pillar cover and a cable control runs behind the other. The agency has indicated that the installation of a wire, hose or cable behind a wall does not make that wall a maintenance access panel. Accordingly, the agency concludes that the joints connecting the pillar cover panel are subject to the standard.; Your questions 2, 4, and 5 refer to panels that cover motors which yo indicate must be serviced. The motors include the windshield wiper and heater motors. The agency is unable to determine from your pictures and sketches whether all of the joints surrounding these motors are subject to the standard. The joints connecting panels that *must* be removed for *routine* servicing of a vehicle's motors would not be considered as joints subject to the standard. However, these joints must be the minimum necessary for routine servicing of the motors. In compliance testing your vehicles, the agency will only exempt those joints that are necessary for routine servicing. We will not exempt adjacent panel joints simply because wires run beneath them.; In your third question you describe a dash trim panel that covers wiring harness, some chassis cowl mounting bolts, and an entrance door cable. The agency needs more information to make a formal determination with respect to this panel and its joints. Our inclination based upon the information that you have presented is that these would be joints subject to the standard, because the removal of this panel is not required for routine maintenance.; Your final question asks whether the entrance door control cover mus comply with the standard. You state only that it must be removed to remove the dash trim panel. As we stated in the last paragraph, we believe that the dash trim panel joints may be required to comply with the standard. If this is the case, it may also be necessary for the door control cover joints to comply with the standard. The key factor in determining whether this panel's joints must comply with the requirement is whether the panel must be removed for routine maintenance. You have not proven such a need in your letter, and therefore, the agency cannot give you a determination concerning the need for these joints to comply with the standard.; Sincerely, Frank Berndt, Chief Counsel |
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ID: aiam4803OpenMr. Danny Pugh Engineering Manager Utilimaster Corporation 65266 State Rd. 19 P.O. Box 585 Wakarusa, IN 46573; Mr. Danny Pugh Engineering Manager Utilimaster Corporation 65266 State Rd. 19 P.O. Box 585 Wakarusa IN 46573; "Dear Mr. Pugh: This responds to your letter seeking an interpretatio of Standard No. 208, Occupant Crash Protection (49 CFR 571.208). More specifically, you asked about the requirements for safety belts at the various seating positions in vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating under 10,000 pounds that you called 'van conversions.' You first asked whether a 'van conversion' would be classified as a passenger car, truck, or multipurpose passenger vehicle. Vehicles commonly called 'vans' may be classed in four different vehicle categories (set forth at 49 CFR 571.3) for the purposes of our safety standards, depending on the configuration of the particular 'van.' Most cargo vans are classified as 'trucks' under our safety standards, because those vehicles are 'designed primarily for the transportation of property or special purpose equipment.' Most passenger vans are classified as 'multipurpose passenger vehicles,' because they do not meet the definition of a 'truck', but are 'constructed on a truck chassis.' Those vans that have eleven or more designated seating positions are classified as 'buses,' because they are 'designed for carrying more than 10 persons. Finally, one minivan (the Nissan Axxess) was certified by its manufacturer as a 'passenger car,' because it was 'designed for carrying 10 persons or less.' Additionally, the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act places the responsibility for classifying a particular vehicle in the first instance on the vehicle's manufacturer. For this reason, NHTSA does not approve or endorse any vehicle classification before the manufacturer itself has classified a particular vehicle. NHTSA may reexamine the manufacturer's classification in the course of any enforcement actions. If you are interested in the appropriate classification for a particular van conversion, we will offer our tentative opinion if you will provide us with detailed information on the van conversion in which you are interested. You next asked on what date safety belts were required in 'van conversions,' what type of safety belts, and at what locations those belts were required. As explained above, we do not class vehicles as 'van conversions' for the purposes of our safety standards. If the vans were classed as passenger cars, passenger cars manufactured on or after January 1, 1968 were required to have lap/shoulder safety belts at the front outboard seating positions and either lap/shoulder or lap-only safety belts at every other seating position in the car. Beginning December 11, 1989, passenger cars were required to have lap/shoulder safety belts at both front and rear outboard seating positions, with either lap/shoulder or lap-only safety belts at every other seating position. Since September l, l989, all passenger cars are required to be equipped with automatic crash protection for outboard front-seat occupants. Multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less manufactured on or after July 1, 1971 were required to have lap/shoulder safety belts at the front outboard seating positions and either lap/shoulder or lap-only safety belts at every other seating position in the vehicle. Beginning September 1, 1991, vans classified as multipurpose passenger vehicles or trucks (other than motor homes) must have lap/shoulder belts at both front and rear outboard seating positions, with either lap or lap/shoulder belts at all other seating positions. Motor homes manufactured on or after September 1, 1991 will continue to be required to have lap/shoulder belts at front outboard seating positions and either lap/shoulder or lap-only safety belts at every other seating position. In addition, effective September l, l99l vans must meet dynamic crash test injury criteria for the front outboard seating positions. If the vans were classed as buses, buses manufactured on or after July 1, 1971 were required to be equipped with either a lap/shoulder or a lap-only safety belt at the driver's seating position. Beginning September 1, 1991, buses with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less (except school buses) must be equipped with lap/shoulder belts at all front and rear outboard seating positions and either lap/shoulder or lap-only safety belts at every other seating position. Also, the agency has proposed extending the automatic crash protection requirements mentioned above to these other vehicle classifications. I hope this information is useful. If you have any further questions or need some additional information on this subject, please contact Steve Kratzke of my staff at this address or by telephone at (202) 366-2992. Sincerely, Paul Jackson Rice Chief Counsel"; |
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ID: aiam3958OpenMr. James H. Westlake, Associate Director, American Truck Dealers Division, National Automobile Dealers Association, 8400 Westpark Drive, McLean, VA 22102; Mr. James H. Westlake Associate Director American Truck Dealers Division National Automobile Dealers Association 8400 Westpark Drive McLean VA 22102; Dear Mr. Westlake: This is in reply to your letter of February 25, 1985, to Mr. Stephe Wood of this office asking the following three questions about rebuilding and remanufacturing heavy duty trucks.; >>>'1) When rebuilding a used truck with a glider kit, it is ou understanding that the process is considered 'rebuilding' when the three major components (engine, transmission and rear axle) are reused in the rebuilding process. If one or more of these major components is new, does the production of the truck chassis change its legal character from 'rebuilding' to 'first stage manufacturer'?'<<<; Neither the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act ('the Act' nor the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard ('safety standards') contain the terms 'rebuilding' and 'first stage manufacturer'. Your question, however, is clear: when new and used components are used in rebuilding a heavy truck, at what point does the truck become a 'new' vehicle which must comply with all safety standards that apply to trucks.; The agency's regulation on *Combining new and used components*, 49 CF 571.7(e), provides:; >>>'When a new cab is used in the assembly of a truck, the truck wil be considered newly manufactured for purposes of compliance with the safety standards and other provisions of the Act unless the engine, transmission, and drive axle(s) (as a minimum) of the assembled vehicle are not new, and at least two of these components were taken from the same vehicle'.<<<; Thus, in terms of your question, if the three major components ar reused in the rebuilding process and at least two of the three came from the same vehicle, the Federal motor vehicle safety standards do not apply even if a new cab is used. But if one of the three components is new, or if all are used and came from three different motor vehicles, then the standards apply and the truck must meet them, and be certified as meeting them, upon final assembly.; Your reference to 'first stage manufacturer' implies that there may b rebuilding fact situations in which the process is completed by a person other than the manufacturer who initiated it. If the rebuilt truck is 'new', then its assemblers are subject to 49 CFR Part 568 *Vehicle (sic) Manufactured in Two or More Stages*. If the truck meets the definition of 'incomplete vehicle', then the 'incomplete vehicle manufacturer' is required to furnish the specified compliance information necessary for certification to the 'intermediate stage manufacturer' or the 'final stage manufacturer' as the case may be (sec. 568.3).; >>>'2) When a truck chassis is built by a dealer and legally classifie as 'new manufacturing' what federal regulations must be complied with that do not apply when the vehicle is considered rebuilt?'<<<; As indicated above, the truck must be completed to comply with al safety standards that apply to trucks and be certified by its assembler as so conforming in accordance with Part 567 *Certification*. If more than one party is involved in the remanufacturing process, each party is subject to Part 568. In addition, any party remanufacturing a truck that must be certified as conforming is required to file a statement in the form prescribed by Part 566 *Manufacturer Identification*.; >>>'3) What penalties exist for failing to comply with these Federa regulations?'<<<; As provided by section 109(a) of the act, any person violating an provision of the Act or a regulation issued thereunder is subject to a civil penalty of up to $1000 for each violation, up to $800,000 for any related series of violations. In addition, under Section 110(a) of the Act, the agency may seek to restrain the manufacture, sale, offer for sale, introduction, or delivery for introduction into interstate commerce of any rebuilt truck that should have met Federal motor vehicle safety standards but in fact did not do so. Also, section 154 of the Act requires manufacturers to conduct recall campaigns and remedy any non-compliances with applicable safety standards.; I hope this information is helpful. Sincerely, Jeffrey R. Miller, Chief Counsel |
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ID: aiam5141OpenMr. Thomas L. Wright Coordinator, Technical Support Unit State of New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety Division of Motor Vehicles Trenton, NJ 08666; Mr. Thomas L. Wright Coordinator Technical Support Unit State of New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety Division of Motor Vehicles Trenton NJ 08666; "Dear Mr. Wright: This responds to your letter to Patrick Boyd of th National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) Office of Vehicle Safety Standards, concerning window tinting. Your letter has been referred to my office for reply. Your questions relate to a January 22, 1992 (57 FR 2496) notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) on the tinting requirements of Safety Standard No. 205, 'Glazing Materials.' You ask about the status of the NPRM. The agency received a large number of comments on this rulemaking. We have reviewed the comments and are analyzing the issues raised in this rulemaking. You also ask about a statement in the NPRM about Federal preemption of state window tinting laws. You ask whether Federal law preempts a state law that permits add-on window tinting material for medical or aesthetic reasons. As explained below, the answer is no, provided that the state law regulates conduct other than that regulated by Federal law. Your question was addressed in the NPRM's discussion of the Federalism implications of the proposed rule (p. 2507). By way of background, NHTSA issued Standard 205 under the authority of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act. The standard currently imposes a minimum level of light transmittance of 70% in all areas requisite for driving visibility (which includes all windows on passenger cars). The primary purpose of this requirement is to ensure adequate visibility through the windows, thereby reducing the risk of a motor vehicle crash. Section 103(d) of the Safety Act provides that: Whenever a Federal motor vehicle safety standard ... is in effect, no State or political subdivision of a State shall have any authority either to establish, or to continue in effect, with respect to any motor vehicle or item of motor vehicle equipment any safety standard applicable to the same aspect of performance of such vehicle or item of equipment which is not identical to the Federal standard. Whether state law is preempted under 103(d) depends in part on the conduct that is regulated by that law. Federal safety standards regulate the manufacture and sale of new motor vehicles and new items of motor vehicle equipment. State law would be preempted to the extent it established performance requirements applicable to the manufacture of vehicles or glazing that differ from those in Standard 205. State law would also be preempted if it purported to allow the manufacture or sale of glazing materials or new vehicles containing glazing material that did not meet the specifications of Standard 205. Federal law also regulates modifications made to new and used vehicles by motor vehicle manufacturers, distributors, dealers and repair businesses. Section 108(a)(2)(A) of the Safety Act provides that: No manufacturer, distributor, dealer, or motor vehicle repair business shall knowingly render inoperative, in whole or in part, any device or element of design installed on or in a motor vehicle ... in compliance with an applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standard. The effect of this is to impose limits on the tinting practices of businesses listed in 108(a)(2)(A). These businesses may not install tinting on new or used vehicles that reduces the light transmittance of windows covered by Standard 205 to a level below the Federal requirement of 70 percent. A state law would be preempted if it purported to allow modifications violating Standard 205 by these named businesses. Section 108(a)(2)(A) does not apply to actions by individual vehicle owners. Because Federal safety standards regulate the manufacture and sale of new motor vehicles, state requirements applicable to the registration and inspection of motor vehicles after the first sale to a consumer are not preempted merely because they are not identical to the Federal safety standards, as long as they do not interfere with the achievement of the purposes of Federal law. Therefore, a state could permit the registration of a vehicle which had been altered by its owner by the addition of window tinting, even when the tinting reduces the light transmittance below the Federal standard. However, the state cannot legitimize conduct - the rendering inoperative of glazing by commercial businesses installing window tinting - that is illegal under Federal law. I have enclosed a copy of the Report to Congress on Tinting of Motor Vehicle Windows which you requested. I hope you find this information helpful. If you have any other questions, please contact Marvin Shaw of my staff at this address or by phone at (202) 366-2992. Sincerely, John Womack Acting Chief Counsel Enclosure"; |
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ID: aiam0641OpenMr. W. G. Milby, Project Engineer, Blue Bird Body Company, Fort Valley, GA 31030; Mr. W. G. Milby Project Engineer Blue Bird Body Company Fort Valley GA 31030; Dear Mr. Milby: This is in response to your letter of February 7, 1972, in which yo discussed some problems that you have encountered with the regulation on vehicles manufactured in two or more stages (49 CFR Part 568), as applied to the school buses of which you are the final-stage manufacturer. Since the receipt of your letter, Mr. Rumph of your company and Mr. Sweet of the Truck Body and Equipment Association met with Mr. Dyson of this office to discuss the issues raised in your letter. Also, on March 8 you sent a sample letter that you proposed to send to your customers.; As we understand the problem from your letter and the subsequen discussion, it is essentially that you are receiving chassis-cowls from school bus buyers, for mounting of your bodies as a final-stage manufacturer, which are inadequate for the purpose according to the gross vehicle and gross axle weight ratings now included with the incomplete vehicles under our multistage vehicle regulations, 49 CFR Part 568. The problem as you describe it appears to have arisen in the negotiation between the school bus buyers and the dealers from whom they bought the incomplete vehicles, in that the dealers sold chassis that were too lightly equipped with tires and axles for the loaded weight implicit in the buyer's specification, under both our certification regulations and accepted industry practice. You state that your company bears the immediate burden of the problem, because you have invested in the production of several dozen bodies whose installation is held up pending resolution of the problem.; From your discussion we assume that all parties are agreed that th bodies that the customers ordered (and you have built) are the ones that are to be used, and that the chassis that have been furnished to you can be economically modified to meet the requirements of our regulations and be safe for their intended use.; With these assumptions, we suggest the following course of action o your part:; 1. Complete each vehicle as planned. 2. Affix a certification label to each vehicle as you normally do stating on the label weight rating figures that will satisfy our regulations (Part 567) and the axle capacity requirements of the vehicle.; 3. Deliver the vehicle, but concurrently send a written statement b certified mail to the vehicle buyer to the effect that the vehicle *must be modified* in order to conform to the GVWR and GAWR figures on the certification label, both for purposes of safety and to conform to Federal regulations. The letter should advise the buyer to take the vehicle to a dealer of the chassis manufacturer for these modifications immediately upon receiving it. The sample letter you sent on March 8 will be satisfactory if you modify the second and third paragraphs to read as follows:; >>>'Federal Regulations 49 CFR Part 567, *Certification*, requires Blu Bird to certify the front and rear gross axle weight rating (GAWR) and the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of completed vehicles, and specifies a minimum GVWR based on seating capacity.; 'Your vehicle may be shipped as it is, however, the values of GAWR an GVWR shown on the certification plate will be contingent on the chassis modifications indicated above. These changes *must*, in the interest of safety, be made before the vehicle is placed into service, and you should take the vehicle to your chassis dealer as soon as you receive it.'<<<; 4. Send copies of each such statement to (a) Office of Standard Enforcement, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C. 20590, (b) the manufacturer of the chassis that was delivered to you, and (c) the dealer from whom the buyer ordered the chassis, if any and where known to you.; This procedure is allowed only as to chassis that have already bee received by Blue Bird as of the receipt of this letter, and it should not be viewed as precedent for future action by any other persons. In the future, Blue Bird as the final-stage manufacturer must take responsibility for the vehicle as completed by it, to the extent of its knowledge of relevant facts.; We are pleased to be of assistance. Sincerely, Lawrence R. Schneider, Chief Counsel |
Request an Interpretation
You may email your request to Interpretations.NHTSA@dot.gov or send your request in hard copy to:
The Chief Counsel
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, W41-326
U.S. Department of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Avenue SE
Washington, DC 20590
If you want to talk to someone at NHTSA about what a request for interpretation should include, call the Office of the Chief Counsel at 202-366-2992.
Please note that NHTSA’s response will be made available in this online database, and that the incoming interpretation request may also be made publicly available.