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Legislation and Licensing

Countermeasure

Effectiveness

Cost

Use

Time

License Screening and Testing

4 Stars

$$

High

Medium

Licensing Agency Referrals

4 Stars††

$$

Low

Medium

License Restrictions

4 Stars

$

Low

Short

Medical Review Protocols

2 Stars†††

Varies

High

Medium

In-Person Renewal and Vision Test

2 Stars

$$$

Medium

Medium

Proven for identifying drivers whose driving should be limited

†† Proven for identifying at-risk drivers

††† Part of a comprehensive system for identifying and restricting at-risk drivers. Quality varies considerably. 

Enforcement

There are no countermeasures in this category.

Other Strategies for Behavior Change

Countermeasure

Effectiveness

Cost

Use

Time

Formal Courses for Older Drivers (classroom + on-road feedback)

4 Stars

$$

Low

Medium

Proven for improving on-road driving when classroom-based training is paired with individualized feedback.

Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation

Countermeasure

General Communications and Education

Formal Courses for Older Drivers (classroom only)

 

 

Evaluation Metrics

Effectiveness:

 

5 Stars

Demonstrated to be effective by several high-quality evaluations with consistent results.

4 Stars

Demonstrated to be effective in certain situations.

3 Stars

Likely to be effective based on balance of evidence from high-quality evaluations.

2 Stars

Limited evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.

No evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.

   

Cost to implement:

$$$

Requires extensive new facilities, staff, equipment, or publicity, or makes heavy demands on current resources.

$$

Requires some additional staff time, equipment, facilities, and/or publicity.

$

Can be implemented with current staff, perhaps with training; limited costs for equipment or facilities.

These estimates do not include the costs of enacting legislation or establishing policies.

   

Use:

 

High

More than two-thirds of the States, or a substantial majority of communities

Medium

One-third to two-thirds of the States or communities

Low

Less than one-third of the States or communities

Unknown

Data not available

   

Time to implement:

Long

More than 1 year

Medium

More than 3 months but less than 1 year

Short

3 months or less

These estimates do not include the time required to enact legislation or establish policies.