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Legislation and Licensing

Countermeasure

Effectiveness

Cost

Use

Time

Lower Speed Limits

5 Stars

$

High

Varies

Variable Speed Limits

2 Stars

$$$

Medium

Varies

Increasing Penalties

4 Stars

Varies

High

Varies

Enforcement

Countermeasure

Effectiveness

Cost

Use

Time

Speed Safety Camera Enforcement

5 Stars

Varies

Low

Medium

High-Visibility Enforcement

4 Stars

$$$

Medium

Medium

Other Strategies for Behavior Change

Countermeasure

Effectiveness

Cost

Use

Time

Dynamic Speed Display/Feedback Signs

5 Stars

$

High

Short

Intelligent Speed Assistance

3 Stars

Varies

Unknown

Varies

Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation

Countermeasure

Aggressive Driving and Other Laws

Diversion and Plea Agreements/Traffic Violator School

 

 

Evaluation Metrics

Effectiveness:

 

5 Stars

Demonstrated to be effective by several high-quality evaluations with consistent results.

4 Stars

Demonstrated to be effective in certain situations.

3 Stars

Likely to be effective based on balance of evidence from high-quality evaluations.

2 Stars

Limited evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.

1 star

No evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.

   

Cost to implement:

$$$

Requires extensive new facilities, staff, equipment, or publicity, or makes heavy demands on current resources.

$$

Requires some additional staff time, equipment, facilities, and/or publicity.

$

Can be implemented with current staff, perhaps with training; limited costs for equipment or facilities.

These estimates do not include the costs of enacting legislation or establishing policies.

   

Use:

 

High

More than two-thirds of the States, or a substantial majority of communities

Medium

One-third to two-thirds of the States or communities

Low

Less than one-third of the States or communities

Unknown

Data not available

   

Time to implement:

Long

More than 1 year

Medium

More than 3 months but less than 1 year

Short

3 months or less

These estimates do not include the time required to enact legislation or establish policies.

 



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