Countermeasures

Table of Contents

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
License Screening and Testing	†	$$	High	Medium
Licensing Agency Referrals	††	$$	Low	Medium
License Restrictions		$	Low	Short
Medical Review Protocols	†††	Varies	High	Medium
In-Person Renewal and Vision Test		$$$	Medium	Medium

† Proven for identifying drivers whose driving should be limited

†† Proven for identifying at-risk drivers

††† Part of a comprehensive system for identifying and restricting at-risk drivers. Quality varies considerably.

There are no countermeasures in this category.

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Formal Courses for Older Drivers (classroom + on-road feedback)†		$$	Low	Medium

† Proven for improving on-road driving when classroom-based training is paired with individualized feedback.

Countermeasure
General Communications and Education
Formal Courses for Older Drivers (classroom only)

Evaluation Metrics Effectiveness:
	Demonstrated to be effective by several high-quality evaluations with consistent results.
	Demonstrated to be effective in certain situations.
	Likely to be effective based on balance of evidence from high-quality evaluations.
	Limited evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.
	No evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.

Cost to implement:
$$$	Requires extensive new facilities, staff, equipment, or publicity, or makes heavy demands on current resources.
$$	Requires some additional staff time, equipment, facilities, and/or publicity.
$	Can be implemented with current staff, perhaps with training; limited costs for equipment or facilities.
These estimates do not include the costs of enacting legislation or establishing policies.

Use:
High	More than two-thirds of the States, or a substantial majority of communities
Medium	One-third to two-thirds of the States or communities
Low	Less than one-third of the States or communities
Unknown	Data not available

Time to implement:
Long	More than 1 year
Medium	More than 3 months but less than 1 year
Short	3 months or less
These estimates do not include the time required to enact legislation or establish policies.

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