Countermeasures

Table of Contents

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Administrative License Revocation or Suspension (ALR/ALS)		$$$	High	Medium
Minimum Drinking Age 21 Laws		$$$	High	Short
Open Container Laws		$	High	Short
Lower BAC Limits		$	Low	Short
High-BAC Sanctions		$	Medium	Short
BAC Test Refusal Penalties		$	Unknown	Short
Alcohol-Impaired-Driving Law Review		$$	Unknown	Medium

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Publicized Sobriety Checkpoints		$$$	Medium	Short
High-Visibility Saturation Patrols		$$	High	Short
Alcohol Measurement Devices		$$	High	Short
Integrated Enforcement		$	Unknown	Short
Alcohol Vendor Compliance Checks		$$	Unknown	Short
Zero-Tolerance Law Enforcement		$	Unknown	Short

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Alcohol Ignition Interlocks		$$	Medium	Medium
Alcohol Problem Assessment and Treatment		Varies	High	Varies
Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention		$$	Medium	Short
Vehicle and License Plate Sanctions		Varies	Medium	Short
DWI Offender Monitoring		$$$	Unknown	Varies
DWI Courts		$$$	Low	Medium
Limits on Diversion & Plea Agreements		$	Medium	Short
Alternative Transportation		$$	Unknown	Short
Mass-Media Campaigns		$$$	High	Medium
Court Monitoring		$	Low	Short

Countermeasure
Responsible Beverage Service
Sanctions
Designated Drivers
Youth Programs

Evaluation Metrics Effectiveness:
	Demonstrated to be effective by several high-quality evaluations with consistent results.
	Demonstrated to be effective in certain situations.
	Likely to be effective based on balance of evidence from high-quality evaluations.
	Limited evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.
	No evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.

Cost to implement:
$$$	Requires extensive new facilities, staff, equipment, or publicity, or makes heavy demands on current resources.
$$	Requires some additional staff time, equipment, facilities, and/or publicity.
$	Can be implemented with current staff, perhaps with training; limited costs for equipment or facilities.
These estimates do not include the costs of enacting legislation or establishing policies.

Use:
High	More than two-thirds of the States, or a substantial majority of communities
Medium	One-third to two-thirds of the States or communities
Low	Less than one-third of the States or communities
Unknown	Data not available

Time to implement:
Long	More than 1 year
Medium	More than 3 months but less than 1 year
Short	3 months or less
These estimates do not include the time required to enact legislation or establish policies.

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