Countermeasures

Table of Contents

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL)		$	High	Medium
GDL Learner’s Permit		$	High	Medium
GDL Intermediate License Nighttime Restrictions		$	High	Medium
GDL Intermediate License Passenger Restrictions		$	High	Medium

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Enforcement of GDL		$	Unknown	Short

Countermeasure	Effectiveness	Cost	Use	Time
Programs to Assist Parents/Guardians of Young Drivers		$$	Medium	Short
Electronic Technology for Parental/Guardian Monitoring		$	Low	Short
Hazard Perception Training		Varies	Low	Varies

Countermeasure
GDL Supervised Hours
GDL Cell Phone Restriction
Intermediate – Violation Penalties
Pre-Licensure Driver Education
Post-Licensure Driver Education
Advanced Driver Training Course

Evaluation Metrics Effectiveness:
	Demonstrated to be effective by several high-quality evaluations with consistent results.
	Demonstrated to be effective in certain situations.
	Likely to be effective based on balance of evidence from high-quality evaluations.
	Limited evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.
	No evaluation evidence, but adheres to principles of human behavior and may be effective if implemented well.

Cost to implement:
$$$	Requires extensive new facilities, staff, equipment, or publicity, or makes heavy demands on current resources.
$$	Requires some additional staff time, equipment, facilities, and/or publicity.
$	Can be implemented with current staff, perhaps with training; limited costs for equipment or facilities.
These estimates do not include the costs of enacting legislation or establishing policies.

Use:
High	More than two-thirds of the States, or a substantial majority of communities
Medium	One-third to two-thirds of the States or communities
Low	Less than one-third of the States or communities
Unknown	Data not available

Time to implement:
Long	More than 1 year
Medium	More than 3 months but less than 1 year
Short	3 months or less
These estimates do not include the time required to enact legislation or establish policies.

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