Search this book Search You can also sort pages by filters. Tap to toggle the Table of Contents Table of Contents Countermeasures That Work About This Guide Toggle child links for About This Guide Understanding Human Behavior How to Navigate This Digital Book Acronyms and Abbreviations Citation, Disclaimers, Suggestions Alcohol-Impaired Driving Toggle child links for Alcohol-Impaired Driving Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Administrative License Revocation or Suspension Minimum Legal Drinking Age 21 Laws Open Container Laws Lower BAC Limits High-BAC Sanctions BAC Test Refusal Penalties Alcohol-Impaired-Driving Law Review Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Publicized Sobriety Checkpoints High-Visibility Saturation Patrols Alcohol Measurement Devices Integrated Enforcement Alcohol Vendor Compliance Checks Zero-Tolerance Law Enforcement Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Alcohol Ignition Interlocks Alcohol Problem Assessment and Treatment Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention Vehicle and License Plate Sanctions DWI Offender Monitoring DWI Courts Limits on Diversion and Plea Agreements Alternative Transportation Mass Media Campaigns Court Monitoring Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Responsible Beverage Service Other Sanctions Designated Driver and Programs Youth Programs References Drug-Impaired Driving Toggle child links for Drug-Impaired Driving Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Drug-Impaired-Driving Laws Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Enforcement of Drug-Impaired Driving Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Education Regarding Medications References Seat Belts and Child Restraints Toggle child links for Seat Belts and Child Restraints Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Primary Enforcement Seat Belt Use Laws Strong Child Passenger Safety Laws Increased Fines for Seat Belt Law Violations Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Short-Term, High-Visibility Seat Belt Law Enforcement Short-Term, High-Visibility Child Passenger Safety Law Enforcement Nighttime, High-Visibility Seat Belt Law Enforcement Sustained Seat Belt Enforcement Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Communication Strategies for Low-Belt-Use Groups as Part of HVE Employer-Based Programs Programs for Older Children Programs for Increasing Child Restraint and Booster Seat Use Child Restraint Inspection Stations References Speeding and Speed Management Toggle child links for Speeding and Speed Management Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Lower Speed Limits Variable Speed Limits Increasing Penalties Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Speed Safety Camera Enforcement High-Visibility Enforcement Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Dynamic Speed Display/Feedback Signs Intelligent Speed Assistance Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Aggressive Driving and Other Laws Diversion and Plea Agreements /Traffic Violator School References Distracted Driving Toggle child links for Distracted Driving Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing GDL Passenger Limits for Young Drivers Cell Phone Laws Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement High-Visibility Cell Phone Enforcement Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Employer Programs Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Communications on Outreach and Distracted Driving References Motorcycle Safety Toggle child links for Motorcycle Safety Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Universal Motorcycle Helmet Use Laws Graduated Driver Licensing for Motorcyclists Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Alcohol-Impaired Motorcyclists: Detection, Enforcement, and Sanctions Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Motorcycle Rider Training Strategies to Increase Rider Conspicuity and Use of Protective Clothing Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Motorcycle Helmet Use Promotion Programs Communication Campaigns Aimed at Alcohol-Impaired Motorcyclists Communication Campaigns to Increase Motorist Awareness of Motorcyclists References Young Drivers Toggle child links for Young Drivers Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Graduated Driver Licensing GDL Learner’s Permit GDL Intermediate License Nighttime Restrictions GDL Intermediate License Passenger Restrictions Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Enforcement of GDL Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Programs to Assist Parents/Guardians of Young Drivers Electronic Technology for Parental/Guardian Monitoring Hazard Perception Training Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation GDL Supervised Hours GDL Cell Phone Restrictions GDL Intermediate License Violation Penalties Pre-Licensure Driver Education Post-Licensure or Second-Tier Driver Education Advanced Driver Training Courses References Older Drivers Toggle child links for Older Drivers Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing License Screening and Testing Licensing Agency Referrals License Restrictions Medical Review Protocols In-Person Renewal and Vision Test Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Formal Courses for Older Drivers (Classroom + On-Road Feedback) Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation General Communications and Education Formal Courses for Older Drivers (Classroom Only) References Pedestrian Safety Toggle child links for Pedestrian Safety Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Lower Speed Limits Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement High-Visibility Enforcement at Pedestrian Crossings Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Pedestrian Safety Zones Elementary-Age Child Pedestrian Training Safe Routes to School Walking School Bus Conspicuity Enhancement Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Child School Bus Trainings Communications and Outreach Addressing Impaired Pedestrians University Educational Campaigns “Sweeper” Patrols of Impaired Pedestrians Driver Training Pedestrian Gap Acceptance Training Child Supervision Children’s Safety Clubs References Bicycle Safety Toggle child links for Bicycle Safety Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Bicycle Helmet Laws for Children Universal Bicycle Helmet Laws Active Lighting Laws Motorist Passing Bicyclist Laws Lower Speed Limits Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Promote Bicycle Helmet Use with Education Safe Routes to School Bicycle Safety Education for Children Cycling Skills Clinics, Bike Fairs, Bike Rodeos Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Rider Conspicuity Laws Driver Training Bicycle Safety Education for Adult Cyclists Share the Road Awareness Programs References Drowsy Driving Toggle child links for Drowsy Driving Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Graduated Driver Licensing Intermediate License Nighttime Restrictions Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Employer Programs School Start Times Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Communications and Outreach on Drowsy Driving Education Regarding Medical Conditions and Medications General Driver Drowsiness Laws References Customized Book Download the Full Book Countermeasures That Work Seat Belts and Child Restraints Key Resources For current information on U.S. seat belt and child restraint laws: see IIHS (2023b), Seat Belt and Child Seat Laws by State, and GHSA (2021), Child Passenger Safety. Both NHTSA and the American Academy of Pediatrics have best practice recommendations for child passenger safety in vehicles. NHTSA (n.d.) and NHTSA (2019), Car seat recommendations for children AAP (2021): Car Seats: Information for Families. The National Child Passenger Safety Board (2023) has many resources for State child passenger safety programs including resources specifically for CPS State coordinators. Car Seat Safety, web page and portal. NHTSA’s publications on seat belts and child restraints. NHTSA’s Behavioral Safety Research portal. NHTSA produces seat belt and child restraint marketing material for use by States and other organizations. Visit TrafficSafetyMarketing.gov for marketing material for CIOT and Child Passenger Safety Week. Prev: Emerging Issues | Next: Countermeasures Back to Top
Search this book Search You can also sort pages by filters. Tap to toggle the Table of Contents Table of Contents Countermeasures That Work About This Guide Toggle child links for About This Guide Understanding Human Behavior How to Navigate This Digital Book Acronyms and Abbreviations Citation, Disclaimers, Suggestions Alcohol-Impaired Driving Toggle child links for Alcohol-Impaired Driving Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Administrative License Revocation or Suspension Minimum Legal Drinking Age 21 Laws Open Container Laws Lower BAC Limits High-BAC Sanctions BAC Test Refusal Penalties Alcohol-Impaired-Driving Law Review Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Publicized Sobriety Checkpoints High-Visibility Saturation Patrols Alcohol Measurement Devices Integrated Enforcement Alcohol Vendor Compliance Checks Zero-Tolerance Law Enforcement Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Alcohol Ignition Interlocks Alcohol Problem Assessment and Treatment Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention Vehicle and License Plate Sanctions DWI Offender Monitoring DWI Courts Limits on Diversion and Plea Agreements Alternative Transportation Mass Media Campaigns Court Monitoring Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Responsible Beverage Service Other Sanctions Designated Driver and Programs Youth Programs References Drug-Impaired Driving Toggle child links for Drug-Impaired Driving Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Drug-Impaired-Driving Laws Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Enforcement of Drug-Impaired Driving Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Education Regarding Medications References Seat Belts and Child Restraints Toggle child links for Seat Belts and Child Restraints Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Primary Enforcement Seat Belt Use Laws Strong Child Passenger Safety Laws Increased Fines for Seat Belt Law Violations Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Short-Term, High-Visibility Seat Belt Law Enforcement Short-Term, High-Visibility Child Passenger Safety Law Enforcement Nighttime, High-Visibility Seat Belt Law Enforcement Sustained Seat Belt Enforcement Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Communication Strategies for Low-Belt-Use Groups as Part of HVE Employer-Based Programs Programs for Older Children Programs for Increasing Child Restraint and Booster Seat Use Child Restraint Inspection Stations References Speeding and Speed Management Toggle child links for Speeding and Speed Management Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Lower Speed Limits Variable Speed Limits Increasing Penalties Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Speed Safety Camera Enforcement High-Visibility Enforcement Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Dynamic Speed Display/Feedback Signs Intelligent Speed Assistance Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Aggressive Driving and Other Laws Diversion and Plea Agreements /Traffic Violator School References Distracted Driving Toggle child links for Distracted Driving Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing GDL Passenger Limits for Young Drivers Cell Phone Laws Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement High-Visibility Cell Phone Enforcement Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Employer Programs Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Communications on Outreach and Distracted Driving References Motorcycle Safety Toggle child links for Motorcycle Safety Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Universal Motorcycle Helmet Use Laws Graduated Driver Licensing for Motorcyclists Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Alcohol-Impaired Motorcyclists: Detection, Enforcement, and Sanctions Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Motorcycle Rider Training Strategies to Increase Rider Conspicuity and Use of Protective Clothing Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Motorcycle Helmet Use Promotion Programs Communication Campaigns Aimed at Alcohol-Impaired Motorcyclists Communication Campaigns to Increase Motorist Awareness of Motorcyclists References Young Drivers Toggle child links for Young Drivers Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Graduated Driver Licensing GDL Learner’s Permit GDL Intermediate License Nighttime Restrictions GDL Intermediate License Passenger Restrictions Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement Enforcement of GDL Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Programs to Assist Parents/Guardians of Young Drivers Electronic Technology for Parental/Guardian Monitoring Hazard Perception Training Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation GDL Supervised Hours GDL Cell Phone Restrictions GDL Intermediate License Violation Penalties Pre-Licensure Driver Education Post-Licensure or Second-Tier Driver Education Advanced Driver Training Courses References Older Drivers Toggle child links for Older Drivers Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing License Screening and Testing Licensing Agency Referrals License Restrictions Medical Review Protocols In-Person Renewal and Vision Test Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Formal Courses for Older Drivers (Classroom + On-Road Feedback) Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation General Communications and Education Formal Courses for Older Drivers (Classroom Only) References Pedestrian Safety Toggle child links for Pedestrian Safety Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Lower Speed Limits Enforcement Toggle child links for Enforcement High-Visibility Enforcement at Pedestrian Crossings Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Pedestrian Safety Zones Elementary-Age Child Pedestrian Training Safe Routes to School Walking School Bus Conspicuity Enhancement Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Child School Bus Trainings Communications and Outreach Addressing Impaired Pedestrians University Educational Campaigns “Sweeper” Patrols of Impaired Pedestrians Driver Training Pedestrian Gap Acceptance Training Child Supervision Children’s Safety Clubs References Bicycle Safety Toggle child links for Bicycle Safety Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Bicycle Helmet Laws for Children Universal Bicycle Helmet Laws Active Lighting Laws Motorist Passing Bicyclist Laws Lower Speed Limits Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Promote Bicycle Helmet Use with Education Safe Routes to School Bicycle Safety Education for Children Cycling Skills Clinics, Bike Fairs, Bike Rodeos Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Rider Conspicuity Laws Driver Training Bicycle Safety Education for Adult Cyclists Share the Road Awareness Programs References Drowsy Driving Toggle child links for Drowsy Driving Understanding the Problem Data/Surveillance Emerging Issues Key Resources Countermeasures Toggle child links for Countermeasures Legislation and Licensing Toggle child links for Legislation and Licensing Graduated Driver Licensing Intermediate License Nighttime Restrictions Other Strategies for Behavior Change Toggle child links for Other Strategies for Behavior Change Employer Programs School Start Times Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Toggle child links for Approaches That Are Unproven or Need Further Evaluation Communications and Outreach on Drowsy Driving Education Regarding Medical Conditions and Medications General Driver Drowsiness Laws References Customized Book Download the Full Book Countermeasures That Work Seat Belts and Child Restraints Key Resources For current information on U.S. seat belt and child restraint laws: see IIHS (2023b), Seat Belt and Child Seat Laws by State, and GHSA (2021), Child Passenger Safety. Both NHTSA and the American Academy of Pediatrics have best practice recommendations for child passenger safety in vehicles. NHTSA (n.d.) and NHTSA (2019), Car seat recommendations for children AAP (2021): Car Seats: Information for Families. The National Child Passenger Safety Board (2023) has many resources for State child passenger safety programs including resources specifically for CPS State coordinators. Car Seat Safety, web page and portal. NHTSA’s publications on seat belts and child restraints. NHTSA’s Behavioral Safety Research portal. NHTSA produces seat belt and child restraint marketing material for use by States and other organizations. Visit TrafficSafetyMarketing.gov for marketing material for CIOT and Child Passenger Safety Week. Prev: Emerging Issues | Next: Countermeasures Back to Top
United States Department of Transportation