Skip to main content
You can also sort pages by filters.
Table of Contents
Download the Full Book

AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. (2009). Aggressive driving: Research update.  https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/fhwasa1304/resources2/38%20-%20Aggressive%20Driving%202009%20Research%20Update.pdf

Aeron-Thomas, A. S., & Hess, S. (2006) Red-light cameras for the prevention of road traffic crashes. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2, CD003862. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6492462/

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. (2010). Highway safety manual, 1st Ed. www.highwaysafetymanual.org

Bagdade, J., Nabors, D., McGee, H., Miller, R., & Retting, R. (2012, November). Speed management: A manual for local rural road owners (Report No. FHWA-SA-12-027). Federal Highway Administration. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/local_rural/training/fhwasa010413spmgmt/speedmanagementguide.pdf

Belin, M-Å, Tillgren, P., Vedung, E., Cameron, M., & Tingvall, C. (2010). Speed cameras in Sweden and Victoria, Australia—A case study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42, 2165–2170.

Bham, G. H., Long, S., Baik, H., Ryan, T., Gentry, L., Lall, K., Arezoumandi, M., Liu, D., Li, T., & Schaeffer, B. (2010). Evaluation of variable speed limits on I-270/I-255 in St. Louis (Report No. OR11-014). Missouri Department of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/25621

Björklund, G. M. (2008). Driver irritation and aggressive behaviour. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40, 1069-1077.

Blomberg, R. D., Thomas III, F. D., & Marziani, B. J. (2012, July). Demonstration and evaluation of the Heed the Speed pedestrian safety program (Report No. DOT HS 811 515). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/1917

Bobevski, I., Hosking, S., Oxley, P., & Cameron, M. (2007). Generalized linear modeling of crashes and injury severity in the context of the speed-related initiatives in Victoria during 2000-2002 (Report No. 268). Monash University Accident Research Centre. www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/216542/Generalised-linear-modelling-of-crashes-and-injury-severity-in-the-context-of-the-speed-related-initiatives-in-Victoria-during-2000-2002.pdf

Buddemeyer, J., Young, R. K., & Dorsey-Spitz, B. (2010). Rural, variable speed limit system for southeast Wyoming. Transportation Research Record, 2189, 37-44.

Cameron, M. A., Cavallo, A., & Gilbert, A. (1992). Crash-based evaluation of the speed camera program in Victoria 1990-91. Phase 1: general effects, Phase 2: effects of program mechanisms (Report No. 42). Monash University Accident Research Centre. www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/216904/muarc042.pdf

Chen, G. (2005). Safety and economic impacts of photo radar program. Traffic Injury Prevention, 6, 299-307.

Cicchino, J. B., Wells, J. K. & McCartt, A. T. (2014) Survey about pedestrian safety and attitudes toward automated traffic enforcement in Washington, D.C. Traffic Injury Prevention, 15, 414-423.

Council, F. M., Persaud, B., Eccles, K., Lyon, C., & Griffith, M. S. (2005, April). Safety evaluation of red-light cameras (FHWA-HRT-05-048). Federal Highway Administration. www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/05048/05048.pdf

Cunningham, C. M., Hummer, J. E., & Moon, J. P. (2008). Analysis of automated speed enforcement cameras in Charlotte, NC. Transportation Research Record, 2078, 127-134.

Decina, L. E., Thomas, L., Srinivasan, R., & Staplin L. (2007, September). Automated enforcement: A compendium of worldwide evaluations of results (Report No. DOT HS 810 763). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/1763

Delaney, A., Diamantopoulou, K., & Cameron, M. (2003). MUARC’s speed enforcement research: Principles learnt and implications for practice (Report No. 20). Monash University Accident Research Centre. www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/217163/MUARCs-Speed-Enforcement-Research-Principles-Learnt-and-Implicationsfor-Practice.pdf

Delaney, A., Ward, H., Cameron, M., & Williams, A. F. (2005). Controversies and speed cameras: Lessons learnt internationally. Journal of Public Health Policy, 26, 404-415.

D’Elia, A., Newstead, S., & Cameron, M. (2007). Overall impact during 2001-2004 of Victorian speed-related package (Report No. 267). Monash University Accident Research Centre. www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/217335/Overall-impact-during-2001-2004-of-Victorian-speed-related-package.pdf

Eccles, K. A., Fiedler, R., Persaud, B., Lyon, C., & Hansen, G. (2012). Automated enforcement for speeding and red light running (Report 729). Transportation Research Board. https://download.nap.edu/cart/download.cgi?record_id=22716

Farmer, C. M. (2016). Relationship of traffic fatality rates to maximum state speed limits. Traffic Injury Prevention18(4), 375-380.

Federal Highway Administration. (2005). Red-light camera systems operational guidelines. (Publication No. FHWA-SA-05-002). www.safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/conventional/signalized/rlr/fhwasa05002/fhwasa05002.pdf

FHWA. (2009). Engineering countermeasures for reducing speeds: A desktop reference of potential effectiveness. www.safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/eng_count/

Fontaine, M. D., Park, B., & Son, H. (2007). Demonstration and evaluation of rational speed limits: Virginia Department of Transportation evaluations. Center for Transportation Studies.

Forbes, G. J., Gardner, T., McGee, H., & Srinivasan, R. (2012, April). Methods and practices for setting speed limits: An informational report (Report No. FHWA-SA-12-004). Federal Highway Administration. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/fhwasa12004/fhwasa12004.pdf

Freedman, M., De Leonardis, D., Polson, A., Levi, S., & Burkhardt, E. (2007, September). Field test of the impact of setting and enforcing rational speed limits; Gulfport, Mississippi-- demonstration community (Report No. DOT HS 810 849). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/1790

Freedman, M., De Leonardis, D., Raisman, G., Inyo Swan, D., Davis, A., Levi, S., Rogers, I., & Bergeron, E. (2006, February). Demonstration of automated speed enforcement in school zones in Portland, Oregon (Report No. DOT HS 810 764). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/1766

Fuller, R., Bates, H., Gormley, M., Hannigan, B., Stradling, S., Broughton, P., Kinnear, N., & O’Dolan, C. (2008, November). The conditions for inappropriate high speed: A review of the research literature from 1995 to 2006 (Road Safety Research Report 92). https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roadsafety/research/rsrr/theme2/conditions1.pdf

Fuller, R., Hannigan, B., Bates, H., Gormley, M., Stradling, S., Broughton, P., Kinnear, N., & O’Dolan, C. (2008, November). Understanding inappropriate high speed: A qualitative analysis (Road Safety Research Report 94). https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090510225915/www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roadsafety/research/rsrr/theme2/analysis.pdf

Gains, A., Heydecker, B., Shrewsbury, J., & Robertson S. (2004, June). The national safety camera programme: Three-year evaluation report. PA Consulting Group.

Governors Highway Safety Association. (2018a). Speeding and aggressive driving. www.ghsa.org/taxonomy/term/336

GHSA. (2018b). A guide for effectively partnering with State highway safety offices. www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/partnering2018.pdf

GHSA. (2019). Speed and red light cameras, June 2019. www.ghsa.org/taxonomy/term/296

Harder, K. A., & Bloomfield, J. R. (2007). Evaluating the effectiveness of the Minnesota speed management program. www.lrrb.org/PDF/200721.pdf

Harkey, D. L., Srinivasan, R., Baek, J., Council, F. M., Eccles, K., Lefler, N, Gross, F., Persaud, B., Lyon, C., Hauer, E., & Bonneson, J. A. (2008). Crash reduction factors for traffic engineering and ITS improvements (Report No. 617). Transportation Research Board. https://download.nap.edu/cart/download.cgi?record_id=13899

Hauer, E. (2009). Speed and safety. Transportation Research Record, 2103, 10-17.

Health Resources in Action. (2013). Public health impact: Community speed reduction. https://hria.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/SpeedImpactBrief_120313.pdf

Howard, E., Mooren, L., Nilsson, G., Quimby, A., & Vadeby, A. (2008). Speed management: Road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners. Global Road Safety Partnership and the World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43915/1/9782940395040_eng.pdf

Høye, A. (2015). Safety effects of fixed speed cameras—An empirical Bayes evaluation. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 82, 263-269.

Hu, W., & McCartt, A. T. (2016). Effects of automated speed enforcement in Montgomery County, Maryland, on vehicle speeds, public opinion, and crashes. Traffic Injury Prevention, 17(sup1), 53-58.

Hu, W. (2017). Raising the speed limit from 75 to 80 mph on Utah rural interstates: Effects on vehicle speeds and speed variance. Journal of Safety Research61, 83-92.

Huey, R., De Leonardis, D., & Freedman, M. (2012, July). National traffic speeds survey II: 2009 (Report No. DOT HS 811 638). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/811638.pdf

Huey, R., De Leonardis, D., Shapiro, G., & Freedman, M. (2012, August). National traffic speeds survey I: 2007 (Report No. DOT HS 811 663). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/1941

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. (2017). Status report: October 2017, 52(7). https://trid.trb.org/view/1490006.

IIHS. (2019a). Maximum posted speed limits by state. iihs.org/topics/speed/speed-limit-laws.

IIHS. (2019b). U.S. communities using red light cameras. iihs.org/topics/red-light-running/red-light-camera-communities.

IIHS. (2019c). Automated enforcement. iihs.org/topics/red-light-running/automated-enforcement-laws.

International Transport Forum. (2018). Speed and crash risk. www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/speed-crash-risk.pdf

Ilgaz, A., & Saltan, M. (2017). An evaluation of section control: Analyses of speed behavior of drivers at a university campus. International Journal for Traffic & Transport Engineering, 7(4), 461-474.

Ipsos MORI, Barrett, G., & Institute for Transport Studies. (2018, May). Impact evaluation of the National Speed Awareness Course. Ipsos MORI Social Research Institute. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/706208/national-speed-awareness-course-evaluation.pdf

Islam, M. T., El-Basyouny, K., & Ibrahim, S. E. (2013). The impact of lowered residential speed limits on vehicle speed behavior. Safety Science, 62, 483-494.

Joerger, M. (2010). Photo radar speed enforcement in a state highway work zone: Yeon Avenue demonstration project (Report No. OR-RD-10-17). Oregon Department of Transportation. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/fhwasa1304/resources2/32%20-%20Photo%20Radar%20Speed%20Enforcement%20In%20A%20State%20Highway%20Work%20Zone-%20Demonstration%20Project%20Yeon%20Avenue.pdf

Jurewicz, C., Phillips, C., Tziotis, M., & Turner. B. (2014). Model national guidelines for setting speed limits at high-risk locations. Austroads Ltd. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7922/97227f61aeba9ed7e2a1c612a117ebeab607.pdf?_ga=2.90740634.1631171615.1569857698-1132096733.1569857698

Katz, B., O'Donnell, C., Donoughe, K., Atkinson, J., Finley, M., Balke, K., Kuhn, B., & Warren, D. (2012, August 24). Guidelines for the use of variable speed limit systems in wet weather (Report No. FHWA-SA-12-022). Federal Highway Administration. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/fhwasa12022/index.cfm

Kloeden, C. N., & Woolley, J. E. (2012, May). Vehicle speeds in South Australia 2010 (Report No. CASR097). Centre for Automotive Safety Research. http://casr.adelaide.edu.au/publications/list?id=1281

Kloeden, C. N., & Woolley, J. E. (2017, November). Vehicle speeds in South Australia 2016 (Report No. CASR144). Centre for Automotive Safety Research. http://casr.adelaide.edu.au/casrpubfile/2077/CASR144.pdf

Kloeden, C. N., Mackenzie, J. R. R., & Hutchinson, T. P. (2018, February). Analysis of crash data from safety camera intersections in South Australia (No. CASR143). Centre for Automotive Safety Research. http://casr.adelaide.edu.au/casrpubfile/2122/CASR143.pdf

Luoma, J., Rajamäki, R., & Malvivuo, M. (2012). Effects of reduced threshold of automated speed enforcement on speed and safety. Transportation Research Part F, 15, 243-248.

Maccubbin, R., Staples, B., & Salwin, A. (2001, August 13). Automated enforcement of traffic signals: A literature review (Project No. 0900610D-02). Federal Highway Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/3822

Mannering, F. (2009). An empirical analysis of driver perceptions of the relationship between speed limits and safety. Transportation Research Part F, 12, 99-106.

McGee, H. W., & Eccles, K. A. (2003). Impact of red light camera enforcement on crash experience (NCHRP Synthesis No. 310). Transportation Research Board. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_syn_310.pdf

Miller, R. J., Osberg, J. S., Retting, R., Ballou, M., & Atkins, R. (2016, April). System analysis of automated speed enforcement implementation (Report No. DOT HS 812 257). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/812257_systemanalysisase.pdf

Montella, A., Imbriani, L. L., Marzano, V., & Mauriello, F. (2015). Effects on speed and safety of point-to-point speed enforcement systems: Evaluation on the urban motorway A56 Tangenziale di Napoli. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 75, 164-178.

Moon, J-P., & Hummer, J. E. (2010). Speed enforcement cameras in Charlotte, North Carolina: Estimation of longer-term safety effects. Transportation Research Record, 2182, 31-39.

National Campaign to Stop Red Light Running. (2002). Stop on red = Safe on green: A guide to red light camera programs. www.elkgrovepd.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_118017/File/StopOnRedSafeOnGreen.pdf

National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2020, April) Speeding: 2018 data (Traffic Safety Facts. DOT HS 812 932). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812932

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2000, March). Aggressive driving enforcement: Strategies for implementing best practices (Report No. DOT HS 809 031). https://library.ctr.utexas.edu/digitized/govdoc/dot-hs-809-031.pdf

NHTSA. (2001, September). National aggressive driving action guide: A criminal justice approach (Report No. DOT HS 809 351).

NHTSA. (2004, May). National survey of speeding and unsafe driving attitudes and behavior: 2002; Vol. II: Findings (Report No. DOT HS 809 730). www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/speed_volII_finding/SpeedVolumeIIFindingsFinal.pdf

NHTSA. (2008, March). Speed enforcement program guidelines (Report No. DOT HS 810 915). https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/fhwasa09028/resources/Speed%20Enforcement%20Program%20Guidelines.pdf#page=1

NHTSA. (2013, December). Summary of state speed laws, 12th ed. (Report No. DOT HS 811 769). www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/summary_state_speed_laws_12th_edition_811769.pdf

NHTSA. (2012a, September). National traffic speeds survey I: 2007 (Traffic Tech: Technology Transfer Series. Report No. DOT HS 811 644). www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/traffic_tech/811644.pdf

NHTSA. (2012b, August). National traffic speeds survey II: 2009. (Traffic Tech: Technology Transfer Series. Report No. DOT HS 811 647). www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811647.pdf

NHTSA. (2018, March). National traffic speeds survey III: 2015 (Traffic Tech: Technology Transfer Series. Report No. DOT HS 812 489). www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/traffic_tech/812489_tt-national-traffic-speeds-survey-iii-2015.pdf

NHTSA & Federal Highway Administration. (2008, March). Speed enforcement camera systems: Operational guidelines (Report No. DOT HS 810 916). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/fhwasa09028/resources/Speed%20Camera%20Guidelines.pdf

NHTSA, FHWA, & Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2014, May). Speed management program plan (Report No. DOT HS 812 028). www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/812028-SpeedMgtProgram.pdf

National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances. (2000). Automated traffic law enforcement model law. https://iamtraffic.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/UVC2000.pdf

National Transportation Safety Board. (2017). Reducing speeding-related crashes involving passenger Vehicles. (Safety Study NTSB/SS-17/01). www.ntsb.gov/safety/safety-studies/Documents/SS1701.pdf

National Work Zone Safety Information Clearinghouse. (2016). Variable speed limit. www.workzonesafety.org/swz/swztechnology-application/types-of-applications/variable-speed-limit/

Neuman, T. R., Slack, K. L., Hardy, K. K., Bond, V. L., Potts, I., & Lerner, N. (2009). Guidance for implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, volume 23: A guide for reducing speeding-related crashes (Report No. 500, Vol. 23). Transportation Research Board. https://download.nap.edu/cart/download.cgi?record_id=14227

Neuman, T. R., Pfefer, R., Slack, K. L., Hardy, K. K., Raub, R., Lucke, R., & Wark, R. (2003). Guidance for implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, volume 1: A guide for addressing aggressive-driving collisions. Transportation Research Board. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_500v1.pdf

Newman, S., Lewis, I., & Warmerdam, A. (2014). Modifying behaviour to reduce over-speeding in work-related drivers: An objective approach. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 64, 23-29.

New York City Mayor’s Office of Operations. (2015, April). New York Vision Zero Report. www.nyc.gov/html/visionzero/assets/downloads/pdf/vision-zero-1-year-report.pdf

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology. (2013). 2013 Deployment Tracking Survey Results.

Paaver, M., Eensoo, D., Kaasik, K., Vaht, M., Mäestu, J., & Harro, J. (2013). Preventing risky driving: A novel and efficient brief intervention focusing on acknowledgement of personal risk factors. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 50, 430-437.

Phillips, R. O., Ulleberg, P., & Vaa, T. (2011). Meta-analysis of the effect of road safety campaigns on accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43, 1204-1218.

Poole, B. (2012). An overview of automated enforcement systems and their potential for improving pedestrian and bicyclist safety (White Paper Series). Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center. www.pedbikeinfo.org/cms/downloads/WhitePaper_AutomatedSafetyEnforcement_PBIC.pdf

Preusser, D. F., Williams, A. F., Nichols, J. L., Tison, J., & Chaudhary, N. K. (2008). Effectiveness of behavioral highway safety countermeasures (NCHRP Report No. 622). Transportation Research Board. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_622.pdf

Retting, R., & Cheung, I. (2008). Traffic speeds associated with implementation of 80 mph speed limits on West Texas rural interstates. Journal of Safety Research, 39, 529-534.

Retting, R. A., Ferguson, S. A., & Hakkert, A. S. (2003). Effects of red light cameras on violations and crashes: A review of the international literature. Traffic Injury Prevention, 4, 17-23.

Retting, R. A., Farmer, C. M., & McCartt, A. T. (2008) Evaluation of automated speed enforcement in Montgomery County, Maryland. Traffic Injury Prevention 9, 440-445.

Richard, C. M., Campbell, J. L., Lichty, M. G., Brown, J. L., Chrysler, S., Lee, J. D., Boyle, L., & Reagle, G. (2012). Motivations for speeding, Volume I: Summary report (Report No. DOT HS 811 658, August). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. at www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811658.pdf

Richard, C. M., Campbell, J. L., Lichty, M. G., Brown, J. L., Chrysler, S., Lee, J. D., Boyle, L., & Reagle, G. (2013a, September). Motivations for speeding, Volume II: Findings report (Report No. DOT HS 811 818). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811818.pdf

Richard, C. M., Campbell, J. L., Lichty, M. G., Brown, J. L., Chrysler, S., Lee, J. D., Boyle, L., & Reagle, G. (2013b, August). Motivations for speeding, Volume III: Appendices (Report No. DOT HS 811 819). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811819.pdf

Richard, C. M., Divekar, G., & Brown, J. L. (2016, April). Motivations for speeding – Additional data analysis (Report No. DOT HS 812 255). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/812255-MotivationsSpeedingAdditionalDataAnalysis.pdf

Richard, C. M., Payn, B. A., Bacon-Abdelmoteleb, P., Graving, J., Liu, T., Divekar, G., & Reagle, G. (2017, December). Matching countermeasures to driver types and speeding behavior (Report No. DOT HS 812 455). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/34993

Rodegerdts, L., Blogg, M., Wemple, E., Myers, E., Kyte, M., Dixon, M., List, G., Flannery, A., Troutbeck, R., Brilon, W., Wu, N., Persaud, B., Lyon, C., Harkey, D., & Carter, D. (2007). Roundabouts in the United States, (NCHRP Report 572). Transport­ation Research Board. www.nap.edu/catalog/23216/roundabouts-in-the-united-states [Also listed as “Applying roundabouts in the United States.” The report itself omits the word “Applying” in the title.]

Sarkar, S. (2009, January 11-15). Driving behaviors, risk perceptions, and stress: An examination of military personnel during wartime deployment. Transportation Research Board 88th Annual Meeting [Washington, DC] Compendium of Papers DVD. Transportation Research Board.

Schroeder, P., Kostyniuk, L., & Mack, M. (2013, December). 2011 National survey of speeding attitudes and behaviors (Report No. DOT HS 811 865). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/1960

Seattle Department of Transportation. (2017). Vision Zero 2017 progress report. www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/beSuperSafe/VZ_2017_Progress_Report.pdf

Sharma, A., Huang, T., Roy, S., & Savolainen, P. (2017). Setting work zone speed limits. www.intrans.iastate.edu/app/uploads/2018/03/setting_work_zone_speed_limits_w_cvr.pdf

Shin, K., Washington, S. P., & van Schalkwyk, I. (2009). Evaluation of the Scottsdale Loop 101 automated speed enforcement demonstration program. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41, 393-403.

Shinar, D., & Compton, R. (2004). Aggressive driving: An observational study of driver, vehicle, and situational variables. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36, 429-437.

Solomon, H., Izadpanah, P., Brady, M., & Hadayeghi, A. (2014, September 28-October 1). So you’re considering a red light camera program? Lessons and insights from over a decade of camera operation in south and central Ontario. 2014 Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada, Montreal, Canada.

Soole, D. W., Watson, B. W., & Fleiter, J. J. (2013). Effects of average speed enforcement on speed compliance and crashes: A review of the literature. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 54, 46-56.

Speed Camera Database. (2019). Speed camera statistics. https://scdb.info/en/stats/

Sprattler, K. (2012). Survey of the states: Speeding and aggressive driving. Governors Highway Safety Association. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/fhwasa1304/resources2/21%20-%20Survey%20of%20the%20States%20-%20Speeding%20and%20Aggressive%20Driving.pdf

Srinivasan, R., Baek, J., Smith, S., Sundstrom, C., Carter, D., Lyon, C., Persaud, B., Gross, F., Eccles, K., Hamidi, A., & Lefler, N. (2011). Evaluation of safety strategies at signalized intersections (Report No. 705). Transportation Research Board. www.nap.edu/catalog/14573/evaluation-of-safety-strategies-at-signalized-intersections

Stradling, S., Broughton, P., Kinnear, N., O’Dolan, C., Fuller, R., Gormley, M., & Hannigan, B. (2008, November). Understanding inappropriate high speed: A quantitative analysis. Road Safety Research Report 93. [Great Britain] Department for Transport. https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090511042505/www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roadsafety/research/rsrr/theme2/safety93.pdf

Tang, C. K. (2017). Do speed cameras save lives? London School of Economics. https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/86567/1/sercdp0221.pdf

Tapp, A., Pressley, A., Baugh, M., & White, P. (2013). Wheels, skills and thrills: A social marketing trail to reduce aggressive driving from young men in deprived areas. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 58, 148-157.

Thomas, L. J., Srinivasan, R., Decina, L. E., & Staplin L. (2008). Safety effects of automated speed enforcement programs: Critical review of international literature. Transportation Research Record, 2078, 117-126.

Transportation Research Board. (1984). 55: A decade of experience. (Transportation Research Board Special Report 254). www.nap.edu/catalog/11373/55-a-decade-of-experience-special-report-204

TRB. (1998). Managing speed: Review of current practice for setting and enforcing speed limits (Transportation Research Board Special Report 254). https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr254.pdf

TRB. (2006). Safety impacts and other implications of raised speed limits on high-speed roads (Research Results Digest 303). https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rrd_303.pdf

Ullman, G. L., Brewer, M. A., Bryden, J. E., Corkran, M. O., Hubbs, C. W., Chandra, A. K., & Jeannotte, K. L. (2013). Traffic enforcement strategies for work zones (Report No. 746). Transportation Research Board. www.camsys.com/sites/default/files/publications/nchrp_rpt_746.pdf

Vadeby, A., & Forsman, Å. (2014). Evaluation of new speed limits in Sweden: A sample survey. Traffic Injury Prevention, 15, 778-785.

Vision Zero Network (2018). Vision Zero Network (Web page). www.visionzeronetwork.org/about/vision-zero-network/

Wang, S., & Sharma, A. (2017). Assessing the impact of speed-limit reduction near signalized high-speed intersections equipped with advance-warning flashers. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, 143(6), 04017014.

Washington, S. P. & Shin, K. (2005, June). The impact of red light cameras (automated enforcement) on safety in Arizona (Report No. FHWA-AZ-05-550). Federal Highway Administration. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/38404

Wilson, C., Willis, C., Hendrikz, J. K., Le Brocque, R., & Bellamy, N. (2010). Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11. www.speedcamerareport.co.uk/cochrane_sys_review_10.pdf

World Health Organization. (2004). World report on road traffic injury prevention. World Health Organization. www.who.int/publications/i/item/world-report-on-road-traffic-injury-prevention

WHO. (2017). Managing speed. www.who.int/publications/i/item/managing-speed Wong, S. C., Sze, N. N., Lo, H. K., Hung, W. T., & Loo, B. P. Y. (2005). Would relaxing speed limits aggravate safety? A case study of Hong Kong. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 37, 377-388